国外水权制度发展历程回顾、经验总结与变革借鉴  

Review,Experience Summary and Lessons for Reform of the Development Process of Foreign Water Rights System

作　　者：苏钊贤 丁新睿 司保江 SU Zhaoxian;DING Xinrui;SI Baojiang(School of Public Administration,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学公共管理学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期22-29,共8页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BJJ062);河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2024-ZZJH-151)。

摘　　要：建设水权制度是世界各国运用产权制度高效配置水资源的重要方式。我国从21世纪初开始建立水权制度,目前存在用水权分配工作进展缓慢、交易不活跃和交易定价偏离市场等问题。当下其他国家的水权制度建设经验值得反思与借鉴。为此,本研究选取亚洲、非洲、欧洲、美洲和大洋洲10个具有代表性的国家作为研究对象,总结不同洲域、不同国家水权制度发展经验的共性与差异,以期为中国水权制度高质量发展提供参考与借鉴。研究发现,国外水权制度发展主要得益于由政府主导的集权式管理向市场驱动的分散管理方式转变,形成政府监管完善和市场运行有效的水权制度环境。基于此,中国水权制度应构建完善的确权分配体系、探索立足国情的用水权交易市场、提高政府对交易市场的监管效能,从而推动水权制度建设提质增效。The construction of an efficient water rights system is crucial for countries worldwide to allocate water resources effectively through the property rights framework.While the water rights system in China was established in the early 21st century,it has encountered challenges such as slow water rights allocation,limited transaction activity,and market pricing deviations.It is important to reflect upon the successes and failures of water rights systems in other countries.Therefore,this paper selects 10 representative countries from Asia,Africa,Europe,America,and Oceania as case studies,summarizes the commonalities and differences in the development experiences of water rights systems across continents and countries,aiming to provide insights for the high-quality development of China’s water rights system.The study reveals that the development of water rights systems in foreign countries primarily stems from a shift from government-led centralized management to market-driven decentralized management,which creates an environment favorable for the growth of water rights systems characterized by perfect government regulation and efficient market operation.Accordingly,China should establish a robust water rights allocation system,foster a localized water rights trading market,and enhance the government’s oversight of the trading market.These measures will contribute to promoting the quality and efficiency of China’s water rights system.

关 键 词：水权制度 经验总结 变革借鉴 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]