异构字的使用权限——关于书法篆刻创作用字结构位移现象的检讨  

Permission for the Use of Heterogeneous Characters:A Reflection on the Phenomenon of Structural Displacement in Calligraphy and Seal Carving

作　　者：吴顺 周叶青 WU Shun;ZHOU Yeqing

机构地区：[1]四川大学,成都610065 [2]云南大学,昆明650091

出　　处：《上海视觉》2024年第1期136-142,共7页Shanghai Vision

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目:书法用字“结构位移”现象与异构字研究(项目编号:2022Y115)的结项成果。

摘　　要：正体字与异构字之间的转换需要历经结构位移,异构字与正体字的形体看似不同,但它们的构件和字义是一样的,能够用于书法篆刻创作。不过,当某个字不存在异构字,抑或改变结构位置、方向之后,其构意和字义与原字不相同时,该转换过程就变成了一种不规范的用字现象。显然,文字构形和书法布局的审美需求应当让位于文字的特定意义,而区分异构字与具有异构倾向的另字及错别字是规范书法用字的一项重要任务。异构字产生的年代不尽相同,其字义也有所变化。因此,书法篆刻创作须在文字意义不变的前提下,优先选用共时而慎重使用历时异构字,杜绝另字异构。The conversion between standard characters and heterogeneous characters requires a structural displacement:Although the form of heterogeneous characters may appear different from standard characters,their components and meanings are the same,making them suitable for calligraphy and seal carving.However,when a character lacks a corresponding heterogeneous form,or when it changes in structural position or orientation result in a different meaning from the original character,this conversion process becomes a non-standard use of characters.Clearly,the aesthetic demands of character form and calligraphic layout should yield to the specific meaning of the characters.Distinguishing heterogeneous characters from other misspelled characters with heterogeneous tendency is an important task for standardizing character use in calligraphy.Heterogeneous characters originated in different eras,and their meanings have also evolved.Therefore,in caligraphy and seal carving,the use of heterogeneous characters should ensure that the meaning remains unchanged,choose synchronic heterogeneous characters in priority,and be cautious with diachronic characters,while the use of characters with alternative heterogeneity should be avoided.

关 键 词：书法篆刻创作 规范用字 结构位移 异构字 书法文字学 

分 类 号：J29[艺术—美术]