《共产党宣言》批判冒牌社会主义的基本方法及其当代意义  

The Basic Methods of Criticizing Fake Socialism in the Communist Manifesto and its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：史玲 SHI Ling(School of Marxism,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期1-10,共10页Journal of North China Electric Power University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：马克思在《共产党宣言》中运用历史分析法、辩证分析法和阶级分析法对19世纪40年代的冒牌社会主义进行了系统的批判。三种批判方法分别以人类社会发展规律的客观性、资本主义社会结构内在的否定性、无产阶级的阶级特性为内容对冒牌社会主义进行批判。马克思并不是单纯为了批判而批判,而是在批判当中发现人类解放的可能。历史分析法批判了冒牌社会主义的错误历史观,回答了“资本主义的前途命运是什么?”;辩证分析法批判了冒牌社会主义的形而上学性,回答了“共产主义大致什么样?”;阶级分析法批判了冒牌社会主义的保守性,回答了“实现共产主义何以可能?”。所以马克思对冒牌社会主义的批判具有双重性:一方面对建立在资本主义社会基础之上的冒牌社会主义的批判,另一方面对冒牌社会主义所寄生的资本主义社会的批判。今天,我们仍处于马克思所指明的历史时代,研究马克思批判冒牌社会主义的基本方法具有重要的现实意义。In The Communist Manifesto,Marx systematically criticized the fake socialism of the 1840s by using historical analysis,dialectical analysis and class analysis.The three criticism methods criticize the fake socialism with the objectivity of the law of human social development,the inherent negativity of the capitalist social structure,and the class characteristics of the proletariat.Marx did not criticize purely for the sake of criticism,but found the possibility of human liberation in criticism.Historical analysis criticized the false view of history of fake socialism and answered"What is the future and destiny of capitalism?".Dialectical analysis criticized the metaphysics of fake socialism and answered"what is communism roughly?".The analytical method criticizes the conservatism of fake socialism and answers"How is communism possible?".Therefore,Marx's critique of fake socialism is dual:on the one hand,he criticizes fake socialism built on the basis of capitalist society,and on the other hand,he criticizes the capitalist society parasitized by fake socialism.Today,we are still in the historical era pointed out by Marx,and it is of great practical significance to study the basic method of Marx's criticism of fake socialism.

关 键 词：历史分析法 阶级分析法 辩证分析法 冒牌社会主义 《共产党宣言》 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]