困境与隐忧:公共承运人理论能否适用于规制数字平台?  

Dilemmas and Hidden Concerns:Can the Theory of Public Carriers Be Applied to the Regulation of Digital Platforms?

作　　者：冉隆宇 Ran Longyu

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《天府新论》2024年第4期71-84,157,共15页New Horizons from Tianfu

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济时代竞争政策定位与反垄断问题研究”(编号:23&ZD076);国家社会科学基金一般项目“个人信息的竞争法保护疑难问题研究”(编号:23BFX186)。

摘　　要：当前,规制数字平台的需求日增,公共承运人理论是规制数字平台的可选进路之一。在梳理公共承运人理论历史衍变的基础上,需对其适用的可行性加以系统性考察。一方面,就公共承运人理论体系来说,“自我定位”理论、公共利益理论、垄断理论的不完备性使之难以有效适用于规制数字平台;另一方面,就数字平台而言,其公共性的来源和表现使之缺乏公共承运人理论的适用基础,而数字技术加持下的数字平台亦不符合“中立承运”的适用条件。公共承运人理论在尊重公共承运人权利行使自由的基础上应对其权利滥用行为予以适当限制,而未经全面考察地将公共承运人理论适用于规制数字平台,亦存在简化规制过程、扩张规制权力的潜在隐忧。因此,应审慎研判公共承运人理论,并从缓将其适用于规制数字平台。Currently,the demand for regulating digital platforms is increasing day by day.As one of the optional approaches to regulating digital platforms,the theory of public carriers needs to be systematically examined for its feasibility based on the historical evolution of the theory of public carriers.On the one hand,in terms of the theoretical system of public carriers,the incompleteness of“self-positioning”theory,public interest theory,and monopoly theory makes it difficult to effectively apply them to the regulation of digital platforms.On the other hand,as far as digital platforms are concerned,the source and performance of publicity make them lack the applicable basis of the theory of public carriers,and digital platforms supported by digital technology also do not meet the applicable conditions of“neutral carrier”.On the basis of respecting the freedom of exercising the rights of public carriers,the theory of public carriers should appropriately restrict the abuse of rights.However,if the theory of public carrier is applied to the regulation of digital platforms without comprehensive investigation,there are also hidden concerns about simplifying the regulatory process and expanding regulation power.Therefore,the theory of public carriers should be carefully judged and its application to the regulation of digital platforms should be deferred.

关 键 词：公共承运人理论 数字平台 简化规制 权力扩张 

分 类 号：D913.99[政治法律—民商法学] F49[政治法律—法学]