昆明市部分社区老年人营养状况调查及影响因素分析  

Investigation on Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Some Community in Kunming and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：闻丽芬 龚志琴 张萍 梅漫路 田志禾 杜钰娟 WEN Lifen;GONG Zhiqin;ZHANG Ping;MEI Manlu;TIAN Zhihe;DU Yujuan(Nursing Department,The Second People's Hospital of Kunming,Kunming Yunnan 650204,China;Endocrinology Department,The Second People's Hospital of Kunming,Kunming Yunnan 650204,China;Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Department,The Second People's Hospital of Kunming,Kunming Yunnan 650204,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市第二人民医院护理部,云南昆明650204 [2]昆明市第二人民医院内分泌科,云南昆明650204 [3]昆明市第二人民医院心肺康复科,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《昆明医科大学学报》2024年第6期132-139,共8页Journal of Kunming Medical University

基　　金：昆明市卫生健康委员会卫生科研基金资助项目(2022-14-01-008)。

摘　　要：目的 调查昆明市部分社区老年人营养状况及其影响因素,为该部分社区老年人提供更有针对性的预防营养不良的意见,以改善社区老年人的生活质量和健康状况。方法 便利抽取2022年8月1日至2023年8月1日昆明市3个社区的老年人共2506人,使用一般资料问卷、简化版微型营养评价问卷(mini nutritional assessment short-form,MNA-SF)、老年抑郁量表简版(geriatric depression scale-15,GDS-15)进行综合评估,调查影响老年人营养状况的因素。结果 2 506例社区老年人的营养状况得分为11.0 (10.0,12.0)分,其中发生营养不良71例(2.8%),有营养不良风险1 459例(58.2%),营养正常976例(38.9%)。单因素分析显示,婚姻状况、居住情况、是否患高血压、是否患冠心病、是否患慢性阻塞性肺疾病、是否患脑卒中、抑郁状况对营养状况的影响差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素有序分类Logistic回归分析显示,冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、脑卒中、抑郁是老年人营养状况的独立危险因素,较高的身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)是保护因素。结论 社区老年人营养不良风险高且受多种因素影响,建议结合多方面指标综合评估老年人的营养状况,以便早期识别营养不良因素并进行及时干预,确保健康老龄化。Objective To investigate the nutritional status and its influencing factors among the elderly in some communities of Kunming,in order to provide more targeted suggestions for preventing malnutrition among the elderly in the above communities,thereby improving the quality of life and health status of the elderly in the community.Methods It is convenient to select 2506 elderly people from 3 communities in Kunming from August 1,2022 to August 1,2023,and use a general information questionnaire,the mini nutritional assessment short-form Form( MNA-SF),and the geriatric depression scale-15 Form( GDS-15) for comprehensive assessment,to investigate the factors influencing the nutritional status of the elderly.Results The nutritional status score of 2 506elderly individuals in the community was 11.0(10.0,12.0) points,with 71 cases(2.8%) of malnutrition,1 459 cases(58.2%) at risk of malnutrition,and 976 cases(38.9%) with normal nutrition.Univariate analysis showed that marital status,living conditions,suffering from hypertension,coronary heart disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,or stroke,and depression status had statistically significant differences in their impact on nutritional status(P < 0.05).Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that coronary heart disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,stroke,and depression were independent risk factors for the nutritional status of the elderly,while a higher body mass index(BMI) was a protective factor.Conclusion The risk of malnutrition of the elderly in this survey is high and influenced by many factors.It is suggested to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly with various indicators,so as to identify the malnutrition factors early and intervene in time to ensure healthy aging.

关 键 词：老年人 营养状况 影响因素 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]