新中国现汇贸易支付结算的经验与局限(1956-1965)  

The Experiences and Limitations of PRC's Convertible Foreign Exchange Trade from 1956 to 1965

作　　者：庄泽虹 Zhuang Zehong

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广州510275

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（经济史）》2023年第2期91-103,共13页ECONOMIC HISTORY

摘　　要：20世纪五六十年代,中国与资本主义国家(地区)及亚非拉国家的非官方贸易都是用现汇进行支付结算。政治倾向与资信评级是中国银行发展和运用海外代理行的核心考察因素。英榜危机期间,中国银行分散使用欧洲大陆多国货币作为结算货币以规避风险。灵活使用多种收汇方式的做法,有助于打开市场,扩大出口,但同时也带来了不能准时收回全部外汇的弊端。银行与各外贸公司密切配合,全面参与到对外贸易的每一个环节当中,努力安全、快速地收回外汇。新中国为路身国际市场所付出的努力与代价,其在现汇贸易支付结算方面的经验与局限,为当下中国的对外贸易提供历史启示。Convertible foreign exchange payment and settlement was used in PRC's trade with the capitalistic countries(regions)and unofficial businesses of the third world countries in the 1950s and 1960s.Political orientations and credit status were the primary considerations for China to select the cooperate partners among the overseas agent banks.During the sterling crisis,Chinese banks hedged their bets by diversifying into several continental European currencies as currency settlements.Though the flexible usage of various foreign exchange collection manners help exploiting markets and expanding exports,it is not being able to received all the foreign exchanges back on time.The banks cooperated with the foreign companies closely,and engaged themselves in every step of the foreign trade to ensure receiving all the foreign exchanges securely and quickly.The efforts and prices that China done to enter the international markets,along with the experiences and limitations of payment and settlement in convertible exchange trade provide a historical perspective for Chinese present international trade.

关 键 词：对外贸易 现汇 支付结算 冷战 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学] F752