演进与新生:凤阳“大包干”的制度生成(1978-1982)  

Evolutionand Rebirth:The Generation of the Contract System by Fengyang County from 1978 to 1982

作　　者：黄文治[1] 吴淼 Huang Wenzhi;Wu Miao

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院,合肥230039

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（经济史）》2023年第5期80-87,共8页ECONOMIC HISTORY

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“凤阳‘大包干'档案文献搜集、整理与研究”(AHSKQ2021D01)。

摘　　要：一般认为,凤阳“大包干”指的是小岗生产队首创的家庭联产承包责任制,但事实上,最初的凤阳“大包干”指的是“包干到组”的生产责任制,而小岗生产队的“包干到户”则是其不断发展的结果。随着改革开放的不断深化,凤阳“大包干”制度经历了由“包干到组”到“包干到户”的演进,也见证了20世纪60年代安徽“责任田”制度的新生。在此过程中,农民的自主行为与国家的干预措施相竞合,构建起自下而上与自上而下并行的双轨改革机制,实现了凤阳“大包干”的制度生成。It is generally believed that Fengyang"contract system"refers to the household responsibility system initiated by Xiaogang production team,but in fact,the original Fengyang"contract system"means the production re-sponsibility system of"contract to group".The"contract to household"is actually the result of its continuous develop-ment.With the deepening of reform and opening up,Fengyang"contract system"has experienced the evolution from"contract to group"to"contract to household",witnessing the existence of Anhui"responsible field"system in the 1960s.In this process,farmers'autonomous behavior competed with the state's intervention measures,forming a dou-ble track reform mechanism from bottom to top and from top to bottom.Finally,the"big contracting"system was gen-erated in Fengyang.

关 键 词：农村改革 小岗生产队 包干到组 包干到户 凤阳 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]