西安市街区尺度生境网络构建的案例与思考  

Case and Corollaries on the Construction of Block-scale Habitat Network in Xi'an

作　　者：曹朔 陈宇 许博文 邱雪玮 刘晖[1,3,4] CAO Shuo;CHEN Yu;XU Bowen;QIU Xuewei;LIU Hui

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055 [2]中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司,成都610042 [3]西安建筑科技大学西北地景研究所,西安710055 [4]本刊

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第5期104-110,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号51878531);陕西省科技厅陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(编号2019JZ-48);陕西省自然科学基金一般项目(编号2023-JCQN-0525);陕西省自然科学基础研究基金青年人才项目(编号2021JQ-513);陕西省教育厅专项科研项目(编号21JK0724)共同资助。

摘　　要：城市街区尺度绿色空间呈现破碎化空间格局会对城市生物多样性产生负面影响。街区尺度生境网络是连接场地绿化与城市整体区域生态系统的纽带,是维护城市内部最小生境单元生态系统稳定的基本保障。与宏观尺度相比,街区尺度生境网络构建在地理信息数据获取、数据精度及土地利用分类等方面均有差异。基于无人机航测数据进行生境制图,并综合运用MSPA、InVEST、MCR等模型进行街区生境网络构建与优化。结果显示:1)基于植被垂直结构特征进行生境制图,可细化表征绿色空间的生境属性;2)街区环境内生境源地呈现面积小、分布散、质量低的特征,即使绿地率较高的小型公园绿地,其生境斑块的生境质量也可能较低;3)受硬质地表分布特征影响,街区生境网络呈现区域分布不均、局地断裂、内外生境割裂的空间格局;4)提取薄弱区域周边生境节点,运用MCR模型构建连通路径,可指导生境节点与生境廊道增补,实现街区生境网络优化。在城市绿地建设从增量发展向存量优化转变的背景下,研究结果可为街区生境网络构建方法向街区绿色空间规划设计方法转化提供思路。The fragmented spatial pattern of urban block-scale green space has a negative impact on urban biodiversity.The urban block-scale habitat network(UBHN)is the link between the site greening and the overall regional ecosystem of city,and is the basic guarantee for maintaining the stability of the smallest habitat unit ecosystem within the city.UBHN construction differs in terms of geographic information data acquisition,data accuracy,and land use classification compared to the macro-scale.This research is based on UAV aerial survey data for biotope mapping,while integrating MSPA,InVEST,MCR and other models to construct and optimize the UBHN.The research found that:1)Biotope mapping based on the vertical structure of vegetation features can be refined to characterize the habitat attributes of green spaces.2)Habitat source areas within blocks are characterized by small size,scattered distribution,and low quality,and even small parklands with high green space rates may have habitat patches of low habitat quality.3)UBHN exhibits spatial patterns of uneven regional distribution,localized disconnection,and fragmentation of internal and external habitats,influenced by hard surface distribution features.4)By extracting the habitat nodes around the weak areas and using the MCR model to construct connectivity paths can guide the supplement of the habitat nodes and the habitat corridors to achieve the UBHN optimization.In the context of the transformation of urban green space construction from incremental development to stock optimization,the results provide ideas for the transformation of the construction method of UBHN into the planning and design method of the block-scale green space.

关 键 词：风景园林 城市绿色空间 街区生境类型 街区生境制图 植被垂直结构 街区生境网络 城市生物多样性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]