舰船动力设备抗冲击评估方法综述  

Review of ship power equipment shock resistance evaluation methods

作　　者：李彦军[1] 陈旭 曾庆鹏 杨龙滨[1] 史建新[1] LI Yanjun;CHEN Xu;ZENG Qingpeng;YANG Longbin;SHI Jianxin(College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中国舰船研究》2024年第3期61-85,共25页Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基　　金：国家部委基金资助项目。

摘　　要：舰船动力设备的抗冲击能力是舰船安全稳定运行的重要保障,而合理的评估方法可以较为方便地获得动力设备的抗冲击特性预测结果。首先,将冲击过程分为低/高速碰撞冲击过程和非接触爆炸冲击过程,基于主从系统关系,阐述舰船设备非一体化与一体化抗冲击方法,总结舰船动力设备的抗冲击研究进展,提出舰船动力设备抗冲击领域的重点研究技术。然后,结合舰船设备一体化方法(分为等效静力法、动态设计分析法及时域分析法)的特点,总结得出:等效静力法仅适用于低频影响的结构简单动力设备;动态设计分析法忽略了邻近设备、隔振系统及船体结构对冲击输入载荷的影响;时域分析法仅适用于爆炸冲击等特定场景或冲击信号输入;而舰船设备一体化考虑了船体结构–基座–隔振系统–动力设备形成的多自由度系统,其计算结果更贴近于实船工况,但建模和计算成本较高。最后,展望了舰船动力设备抗冲击的重要发展方向,包括评估方法的准确选取、抗冲击试验台的合理改进、冲击响应信号提取分析、动力设备多场耦合作用分析、动力设备物理模型简化研究、内部流动介质等效替代研究、数据挖掘和深度学习方法融合等。The shock resistance capability of ship power equipment is an important guarantee for the safe and stable operation of ships,and a reasonable evaluation method can be more convenient for obtaining the predic-tion results of power equipment shock resistance.First,the impact processes are divided into the low/high speed collision impact process and non-contact explosion impact process,and the non-integrated and integ-rated shock resistance methods of ship equipment are described in terms of the master-slave system.The re-search progress is then summarized and key research technologies in the field of shock resistance for ship power equipment are put forward.The non-integrated methods of ship equipment are divided into three cat-egories,namely the equivalent static method,dynamic design analysis method and time-domain analysis meth-od,and combined with the characteristics of integrated methods.It is concluded that the equivalent static meth-od is only applicable to structurally simple power equipment with low frequency effects;the dynamic design analysis method neglects the effects of adjacent equipment,vibration isolation system and hull structure on im-pact input loads;and the time-domain analysis method is only applicable to specific scenarios or shock signal inputs such as explosive shocks.The integration of ship equipment takes into account the multi-degree-of-freedom system formed by the hull structure–base–vibration isolation system–equipment,and the calculation results are closer to the actual working condition data,but a large amount of resources is consumed in the model-ling and calculation process.Finally,the author forecasts and summarizes important development directions for ship power equipment shock resistance,including the accurate selection of evaluation methods,reasonable improvement of shock resistance test rigs,extraction and analysis of impact response signals,analysis of the multi-field coupling effects of power equipment,simplification study of the physical models of power equip-ment,res

关 键 词：舰船动力设备 抗冲击评估 主从理论 非一体化方法 一体化方法 

分 类 号：U664.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]