深水杂源:清代霍乱流行的自然与社会要素(1820-1911)  

notty Origins:Natural and Social Factors of the Cholera Epidemic from 1820 to 1911

作　　者：单丽 Shan Li

机构地区：[1]上海中国航海博物馆

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2023年第1期70-86,共17页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清代霍乱流行、传播与防疫研究”(项目编号:20BZS104)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从清代霍乱大流行时期的月份分布来看,区域温度等气候因素对霍乱传播影响较大,8月是霍乱流行的高峰期。旱涝干湿的定量分析显示,旱灾相比涝灾更易诱发霍乱;而嘉道之际霍乱突破原先恒河三角洲疫源地并造成世界霍乱大流行,或许与其时的低温气候有关。就清代而言,不洁的饮食习惯、脏乱的生活环境是霍乱流行的社会结构性因素,人群的易感性不仅取决于其暴露程度,更取决于其生活的社会环境及日常生活习惯。因此,深水杂源的多元霍乱流行要素尤其是社会人文要素需要被充分考量。In perspective of month distribution of historical cholera epidemic,the regional temperature affects the spread of cholera greatly,especially in the solar calendar of August with peak values not only in the number of deaths but also in its spatial distribution.It is indicated by China's cholera pandemic quantitative analysis of wet and dry conditions that drought,rather than flood,is more likely to induce cholera.Climate anomalies exert a great influ-ence on the cholera epidemic and contribute greatly to the cholera epidemic from the original place,the Ganges Delta,to worldwide areas in Jia-qing and Dao-guang periods of the Qing dynasty.The diet habit and living condition of people during the Qing dynasty are the structural factors of cholera epidemic because cholera epidemic depends not only on human's susceptibility to the extent of its exposure,but also depends on the social environment of their everyday living habits.Hence,multiple factors leading to the Cholera epidemic,especially the social ones,should be fully considered.

关 键 词：清代 霍乱 流行要素 社会环境 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学] K249[历史地理—历史学]