皂荚种皮结构和休眠特性研究  

Study on Seed Coat and Dormancy Characteristics of Gleditsia sinensis

作　　者：刘富华 王秀荣[1] 赵杨[1] 潘延楠 贺浪 曾庆赢 张幸福 王彪 何可权 LIU Fuhua;WANG Xiurong;ZHAO Yang;PAN Yannan;HE Lang;ZENG Qingying;ZHANG Xingfu;WANG Biao;HE Kequan(Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou,College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Forestry and Grass Bureau of Qinglong,Qinglong Guizhou 561400,China;The State-Owned Forest Farm of Dushan County,Dushan Guizhou 558200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院/贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]晴隆县林业和草原局,贵州晴隆561400 [3]独山县国有林场,贵州独山558200

出　　处：《种子》2024年第6期91-99,共9页Seed

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般102);贵州省特色林业产业科研项目(GZMC-ZD20202098,GZMC-ZD20202102);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1601712-1)。

摘　　要：为研究皂荚种皮结构对种子吸水的影响,探索种皮和种子休眠的关系,明确种子休眠原因,对皂荚种子分别进行硫酸和热水处理后,利用体视显微镜和电子显微镜观察种皮结构,并结合矿脂密封法和染色法试验,探究皂荚种皮结构特性及吸水机制。结果表明,皂荚种子具有硬实性,种子表面高度角质化,覆有蜡质,热水或硫酸处理前后种皮结构有明显变化,蜡质和胶状物质消失,种皮表面出现裂纹,种脐出现孔洞。密封法和染色法试验表明,种脐区域是种子的初始和主要的吸水位点。解除硬实性后,种皮多个部位均可吸水。种皮的表皮层、栅栏层、明线、厚壁细胞层,覆盖于种脐和种孔的胶状物质等结构组织可能是引起皂荚种子硬实性的主要因素。80℃热水浸种10 min可以打破种子的硬实性。种胚甲醇浸提液对白菜种子发芽和幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用。研究表明,皂荚种子可能是兼具物理休眠和生理休眠的复合休眠。In order to study the effect of seed coat structure on water absorption of Gleditsia sinensis,explore the relationship between seed coat and seed dormannia,and determine the cause of seed dormannia,the seed coat structure of Gleditsia sinensis was observed by stereopsis and electron microscope after sulfuric acid and hot water treatment,and the structural characteristics and water absorption mechanism of Gleditsia sinensis were investigated by petroleum jelly sealing method and dyeing method.The results showed that the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis were hard,the surface was highly keratinized and covered with wax.The structure of the seed coat changed obviously after hot water or sulfuric acid treatment,the waxy and colloidal substances disappeared,cracks appeared on the seed coat surface and holes appeared in the seed umbilicus.Seal and stain testSshowed that the umbilical region was the initial and main water absorbing site of the seeds.After the firmness was removed,many parts of the seed coat could absorb water.The epidermis,palisade layer,bright line,sclerenchyme cell layer of seed coat and the colloidal substance covering the seed umbilicus and seed pore could be the main factors causing the seed firmness of Gleditsia sinensis.Soaking seeds in hot water at 80℃for 10 minutes could break the firmness of seeds.The methanol extract of seed embryo had obvious inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of Brassica rapa var.glabra seedlings.The study showed that the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis could be compound dormancy with both physical and physiological dormancy.

关 键 词：皂荚 种皮结构 吸水机制 内源抑制物 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]