中国戏曲在日本江户时代的流播与传唱  

The Dissemination and Singing of Chinese Opera in the Edo Period of Japan

作　　者：林杰祥 Lin Jiexiang(Department of History,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《长江学术》2024年第3期90-98,共9页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国戏曲在日本江户时代的流播与接受研究”(23CZW038)。

摘　　要：中国戏曲在江户时代大量东传日本并广为传唱,赴日贸易的中国商人将中国戏曲传播至长崎,日本唐通事、知识人和游女在长崎与中国商人交往,学唱、记录中国戏曲,通过曲集、戏曲翻译、戏曲演唱等形式传播到日本各地。清代乐师林德健、金琴江等人曾去往长崎,在当地教授日本人学唱中国戏曲俗曲,在日本形成演唱戏曲俗曲的传承谱系。《赵匡胤打雷神洞》等剧因中国乐师的传授而在日本广为流传,在传唱过程中,曲白兼有的戏曲剧本会逐渐略去科介、对白等,主要以戏曲唱段形式传唱。出海经商的中国商人偶尔会因遭遇风浪而意外漂流至长崎以外地区,《以笔代言》一书记录了日本仙台儒者远藤曰人向漂流中国船员学唱戏曲之事。据日本人学唱中国戏曲的底本可知,江户时期的日本人会以抄录剧本、标注工尺、记录读音、增加附注等方式记录和学唱中国戏曲。In the Edo period of Japan,a large number of Chinese operas were introduced to Japan and widely sung.Chinese merchants were an important source of the spread of Chinese opera,and Japanese Tang ministers,literati and prostitutes learned to sing Chinese opera in Nagasaki,thus spread it to all over Japan through music collection,Japanese translation,and opera singing.Chinese musicians such as Lin Dejian(林德健)and Jin Qinjiang(金琴江)went to Nagasaki to teach Japanese people how to sing Chinese opera and folk songs,forming a lineage in Japan.Dramas such as Zhao Kuangyin da leishendong(《赵匡胤打雷神洞》)are widely spread in Japan due to the teaching of Chinese musicians,and in the process of singing,the opera script has been gradually omitted the action and dialogue,mainly been sung in the form of opera passages.Occasionally Chinese merchants drifted accidentally outside Nagasaki,and works likeIhitsuDaigen(《以笔代言》),for example,recorded how the Confucian Endo Atsujin(远藤日人)from Sendai learned to sing Chinese opera from the drifting Chinese crew.During the Edo period,the Japanese mainly learned Chinese opera by copying plays,recording music scores,recording pronunciation,adding notes and so on.

关 键 词：戏曲传唱 中国曲乐 唐话 明清乐 

分 类 号：K313.36[历史地理—历史学] J809.2[历史地理—世界史]