清代咸同汉学的探索与调整——《论语正义》《戴氏注论语》比较研究  

The Exploration and Adjustment by Han Learning Scholars in the Xianfeng-Tongzhi Period:a Comparative Study of Lun Yu Zheng Yi(《论语正义》)and Dai ShiZhu Lun Yu(《戴氏注论语》)

作　　者：潘炜旻 Pan Weimin(School of Marxism,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《长江学术》2024年第3期117-128,共12页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231317)。

摘　　要：刘恭冕与戴望是晚清咸同时期重要的汉学家,《论语正义》《戴氏注论语》是其时代表性的汉学著述。以同治年间刘恭冕、戴望在金陵书局的交往为背景,比读二书,可知二人作为咸同典型的汉学家,皆秉持追求独立判断以求真义的精神,并对《论语》展开了浩大的训诂考证工作。但是,刘恭冕与戴望在注解时却选择了不同的体例,结果使得《论语正义》的汉学考证色彩得以彰显,《戴氏注论语》的汉学考证色彩被遮没。这种差异性源自刘恭冕、戴望对《论语》注本的构想不同:刘恭冕在乾嘉为群经作新疏风潮下撰写《论语正义》,意欲大力发扬汉学训诂考据方法,提供集大成的《论语》义疏成果;戴望在咸同经世思潮推动下撰写《戴氏注论语》,意欲提供可以革除世敝、维护圣教的经济之学,因此有意调整支离的训诂考据以避免遮蔽义理体系。二书的异同离合,展现了戴望与汉学主流考证学复杂的关系,体现了咸同汉学的不同学术风貌,反映了经世思潮下汉学的发展与流变。Liu Gongmian and Dai Wang were important Han Learning scholars in the Xianfeng-Tongzhi period,while Lun Yu Zheng Yi and Dai Shi Zhu Lun Yu were respectively their representative works.Observing communication between Liu Gongmian and Dai Wang in Jinling Book Company,and comparing their works,it can be seen that Liu Gongmian and Dai Wang both adhered to the spirit of pursuing independent judgment to seek truth and launched enormous work to reinterpret Lun Yu.However,Liu Gongmian and Dai Wang chose different styles when annotating,which made the color of Han Learning in Dai Shi Zhu Lun Yu obscured.This difference came from Liu Gongmian and Dai Wang's different conceptions of Lun Yu:Liu Gongmian wrote his work under the scholarship trend of Qianlong-Jiaqing period,intending to carry forward the method of Han Learning and provide a comprehensive annotation of Lun Yu,while Dai Wang wrote his work under the impetus of Xianfeng-Tongzhi period's practical thoughts,intending to provide scholarship that can maintain Confucianism,so he deliberately adjusted the disorganized textology to avoid obscuring the theoretical system.The differences between these two works show the complicated relationship between Dai Wang and Han Learning,reflect the different academic styles in the Xianfeng-Tongzhi period,and show the development and change of Han Learning.

关 键 词：刘恭冕 戴望 《论语》注本 乾嘉汉学 清代学术 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] K207.8[历史地理—中国史]