绿头鸭野外杂交研究综述  

Reviews on Research of Hybridization of Anas platyrhynchos

作　　者：徐曦 王卫国 冉景丞 朱小梅 XU Xi;WANG Weiguo;RAN Jingcheng;ZHU Xiaomei(Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Zhejiang Qingshanhu National Forest Park,Hangzhou 311300,China;Guizhou Academy of Forestry Sciences,Guiyang 550005,China;Hangzhou Lin’an Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Zhejiang,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]杭州市临安区青山湖国家森林公园管理局,浙江杭州311300 [3]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [4]杭州市临安区农业农村局,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2024年第3期107-113,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江农林大学科研发展基金(2020FR015);浙江省自然资源厅专项课题“钱塘江源头区域山水林田湖草生态修复项目标准体系研究”(H20210238)。

摘　　要：本文根据整理野外观察记录和发表文献,对绿头鸭Anasplatyrhynchos和其他野生鸭类的杂交现象进行综述。绿头鸭由于人工引入到世界各地,与当地的土著种的杂交而造成的生态和遗传多样性保护问题值得关注。国内仅有少量公开发表的野外观察记录,并缺乏对绿头鸭野外杂交现象的系统研究。我国的基因测序研究大多用于不同野鸭对家鸭基因来源的贡献的探讨,而对野外鸭群的杂交趋势缺少监测。国外研究人员以野外鸭群为研究对象,对绿头鸭与斑嘴鸭Anaszonorhyncha在俄罗斯、东亚和北美的杂交现象、趋势和原因进行了讨论;还对北美、东亚、俄罗斯以及新西兰等地的绿头鸭和当地鸭群发生的杂交趋势进行了遗传多样性研究。这些研究表明:(1)种间杂交带来基因遗传变异的同时,更多造成了全球范围内遗传多样性减少和物种生殖努力的损失;(2)人为因素对生态环境的改变造成鸭群适宜栖息地减少而引起不同种群同域性增加,是野外杂交增加趋势的一个重要原因。因此,本文认为利用基因测序技术对野生鸭种遗传多样性展开鉴定,确认栖息地丧失对鸟类遗传多样性的影响,将是生物多样性保护与管理的重要内容与趋势之一;并提出绿头鸭野外杂交率可作为栖息地变化的一个重要指标,需引起生物多样性保护研究者和管理者的重视。Reviews were made on hybridization between Anas platyrhynchos and other wild ducks based on field observations and literature.A few ob-servation records of A.platyrhynchos were available at home,and gene sequencing were mostly used to explore the contribution of wild mallard and spotted billed ducks to the gene origin of A.platyrhynchos domesticus.Wild hybridization phenomenon,trend and reasons,including mallard and A.poecilorhyncha were researched in Russia,East Asia and North America,as well as the hybridization of mallard with other local duck species in North America,East Asia,Russia and New Zealand.It found that inters-pecific hybridization not only brought about genetic variation,but also lead to a de-crease in genetic diversity and a loss in species’reproductive efforts on a global scale.The increase of wild hybridization perhaps caused by suitable habitat.Propositions were put forwarded.

关 键 词：野外杂交 绿头鸭 遗传多样性 栖息地减少 

分 类 号：Q958.723[生物学—动物学]