互联网使用与老年人就业收入:数字资本的视角  

The Internet Use and Employment Income of the Elderly:From the Perspective of Digital Capital

作　　者：彭可余 宋月萍[2] PENG Keyu;SONG Yueping(School of Population and Health,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China;Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与健康学院 [2]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《人口学刊》2024年第4期67-85,共19页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目:积极应对人口老龄化视域下低龄老年人就业问题研究(21ARK004)。

摘　　要：工业社会向数字社会的转型带来了新的不平等议题,不同阶层的人使用数字技术的获益并不相同,数字素养成为数字时代的新型资本。在当前老年人口规模不断膨胀、老年人口比例持续提升、高龄化快速推进的形势下,中国实施积极应对人口老龄化的国家战略,促进劳动力持续就业,但老年人在持续就业中面临数字排斥问题。由于数字技能的缺乏,大量老年人无法适应产业结构的数字化转型,持续就业和职业发展受到严重制约。已有研究探讨了互联网使用与收入不平等之间的关系及其原因,并在不同劳动力群体中进行了检验,但鲜少关注老年人持续就业过程中的收入不平等问题,也并未充分意识到数字素养发挥的作用。对老年人而言,新兴技术的应用是延续了传统的社会分层机制、还是催生了新的红利分享机制?本文以老年人为研究对象,关注使用互联网对老年人持续就业收入的系统性影响并讨论以数字素养为代表的数字技术使用能力不平等问题。本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查2014—2020年的面板数据,结合Heckman样本选择模型与两阶段最小二乘法估计进行因果识别。研究发现互联网使用能够显著提升老年人持续就业的收入,但数字接入的增收效应体现出明显的群体差异,社会经济地位优势群体(如受教育程度和家庭、个人收入更高的老年人)获得的数字红利更加明显。与此同时,数字社会生产方式的变革也降低了工业时代劣势群体的就业门槛,老年女性、低龄老年人和个体农业生产经营者成为数字社会的“数字能人”,在互联网使用中获得了增收机会。进一步分析发现互联网使用的增收效应主要通过数字素养水平产生差异化影响。社会经济地位优势群体、低龄老年人和高技能从业者通常具备更好的数字化意识和数字技术使用能力,这显著促进自身持续就业收�The transformation from an industrial society to a digital society has brought new inequalities.People from different social classes do not benefit equally from the use of digital technology.Digital literacy has become a new type of capital in the digital age.In order to cope with the process of population aging,which is characterized by the continuous expansion of the elderly population,the continuous improvement of the proportion of the elderly population,and the rapid advancement of the aging process,China has implemented a national strategy to actively respond to population aging and promote the continuous employ⁃ment of the workforce.However,the elderly face digital exclusion in their continued employment.Due to the lack of digital skills,a large number of elderly people cannot adapt to the digital transformation of the industrial structure,which has severely restricted their continuous employment and career development.Previous studies have explored the relationship between Internet use and income inequality and the mechanisms,and tested it among different labor groups.But there has been little attention paid to the issue of income inequality in the continuous employment of the elderly,and the role of digital literacy has not been fully recognized.For the elderly,is the application of emerging technologies a continuation of the traditional social stratification or sharing a new welfare?This study focuses on the systematic impact of Internet use on the income of the elderly in their continued(re)employment,and discusses the inequality in the use of digital technology represented by digital literacy.Based on the panel data of the China Family Panel Studles from 2014 to 2020,combined with the Heckman sample selection model and two-stage least squares estimation,it is found that Internet use can significantly improve the income of the elderly in their continued(re)employment.However,the income-increasing effect of digital access reflects significant group differences,with the socioeconomic status advantage gr

关 键 词：人口老龄化 老年就业 数字不平等 数字素养 互联网使用 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]