新中国工业废水治理的早期探索——基于1950年代末典型水污染灾害的研究  

China’s Early Effortsin Industrial Wastewater Management:A Study Based on Typical Water Pollution Disasters in the Late 1950s

作　　者：梁志平 Liang Zhiping

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学马克思主义学院,上海201418

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2024年第3期97-108,158,159,共14页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华治水历史脉络梳理与国家文化形象构建研究”(编号:22JZD039);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“大国减灾:成长中的中国灾害学(1949-2019)”(编号:20XNL011);上海市马克思主义理论教学研究“中青年拔尖人才”计划“新中国成立以来上海的生态文明建设研究”(编号:26220I210014-A06)。

摘　　要：1950年代末以东北工业基地、汉阳造纸厂和长寿化工厂为代表的典型废水污染灾害事件,严重影响周边群众生产生活,威胁人民群众的生命健康。早期的工业废水污染治理主要是从卫生与疾病防治的角度,探究河流水体对工业废水的最大稀释能力,找到工业废水直排河道与保障人民生命健康之间的平衡点。由于1950年代末开始的工业废水污染治理探索,并非从水污染源头解决问题,因而未能取得真正有效的成果,但为我国锻炼和培养了一大批环境科学研究人员,为后来的环境污染研究与治理奠定了坚实的人才基础。Water pollution is a concomitant issue of industrialization and urbanization.Following the completion of China’s First Five Year Plan,some regions have experienced serious water pollution disasters.The late 1950s witnessed severe wastewater pollution disasters at the Northeast Industrial Base,Hanyang Paper Mill,and Changshou Chemical Plant which profoundly impacted the lives of nearby residents and endangered public health.The Chinese government dispatched scientific researchers to investigate and manage industrial wastewater pollution.Constrained by the developmental paradigms of the era,the approach to governance primarily centered on hygiene and disease control,examining the rivers’maximum dilution capacity for industrial wastewater to strike a balance between direct discharge into rivers and public health protection,rather than targeting the sources of water pollution.As a result,the issue of industrial wastewater pollution was not fundamentally resolved.Nevertheless,the endeavors in industrial wastewater management during the late 1950s contributed to the training and development of a significant number of environmental scientists,providing a robust talent pool for subsequent research and mitigation efforts in environmental pollution in China.

关 键 词：新中国 工业废水治理 典型水污染灾害 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]