基于法适用的视角下宪法渊源析辨论  

Analysis on the Sources of Constitution from the Perspective of Law Application

作　　者：范进学[1,2,3] 马冲冲 Fan Jinxue;Ma Chongchong

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学 [2]凯原法学院 [3]上海交通大学廉政与法治研究院 [4]上海交通大学凯原法学院 [5]上海交通大学廉政与法治研究院,上海200030

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（宪法学、行政法学）》2023年第10期3-16,共14页CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“加强宪法实施、教育和监督研究”(18JZD036)。

摘　　要：基于法适用的视角,宪法渊源属于为合宪性审查、合宪性解释以及基于宪法的解释提供权威依据的规范。对合宪性审查与合宪性解释而言,“合宪与否”的判断依据只能来源于“根本法”规范在成文宪法国家,宪法典是“根本法”规范;不成文宪法国家的所谓“最高法”规范则是指在政治实践中具有最高实效力的宪法规范以及在主权国家内获得优先适用效力的国际宪法条约。就基于宪法的解释而言,除宪法典之外,具有终极释宪权的特定机关所做的宪法解释也会成为法官依宪释法的权威依据。重新审视宪法渊源概念,既有助于我们进一步厘清概念内涵,使宪法渊源获得法学研究上的规范意义,也促使我们反思以往从部门法角度理解宪法时存在的诸多问题,转而以明确效力等级的纵向思维树立宪法作为“根本法”的意识,避免将不具有宪法效力的规范也视为宪法规范,从而有效推进合宪法秩序的建立。From the perspective of the application of the law,the sources of the constitution are norms that pro-vide an authoritative basis for constitutional review,interpretation and constitution-based interpretation.In terms of constitutional review and interpretation,the judgment basis of"constitutional or not"can only come from the norms of"supreme law".In countries with written constitutions,the constitutional code is the norm of"supreme law".The norms of"supreme law"in countries with unwritten constitutions refer to the constitutional norms with the highest ef-fectiveness in political practice and the international constitutional treaties with the priority of application in sovereign countries.As far as the interpretation based on the constitution is concerned,in addition to the constitutional code,the interpretations of the constitution made by the specific organ with the ultimate power to interpret the constitution also become the authoritative basis for the judge to interpret the law according to the constitution.Re-examine the concept of sources of the constitution not only helps us further clarify the conceptual connotation,and make the sources of the constitution obtain normative significance in the study of law,but it also prompts us to reflect on many problems exist-ing in the previous understanding of the constitution from the perspective of departmental law and turns us to establish the consciousness of constitution as supreme law by clearing level of effectiveness vertically in order to avoid taking norms that are not constitutionally effective as constitutional norms and to promote the establishment of constitutional legal order with effect.

关 键 词：宪法渊源 合宪性审查 合宪性解释 基于宪法的解释 根本法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]