论歧视的法律定义--基于社会行为视角的分析  

On the Legal Definition of Discrimination:An Analysis from the Social-Behavior Perspective

作　　者：李志颖 Li Zhiyin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（宪法学、行政法学）》2023年第12期31-48,共18页CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

摘　　要：我国反歧视法呈现出趋原则化和可操作性弱的特征,核心原因是歧视概念作为反歧视法律制度的基石,其法律定义尚未得到立法者的认真对待。歧视的法律定义研究应当转换思路,而非继续以法律词典和国际条约中的通行定义为出发点。一方面,通行的歧视法律定义漠视了歧视在道德维度与法律维度之间的差异,为解决歧视现实问题和满足社会实效性,对歧视的理解要从道德维度转向法律维度;另一方面,通行的歧视法律定义仅是诉诸道德的直觉表达,不满足融贯性的法律要求。为使反歧视法成为具体的法律制度而非空洞的道德价值,需要重构歧视的法律定义。重构工作需要思考歧视定义应当如何从道德维度转向法律维度,以满足社会时效性和融贯性。价值哲学视角难以解答该难题,社会行为视角能提供有益理论资源,成为歧视法律定义的重构思路。在社会行为视角下,歧视的法律定义以“主要社会交往”“社会显著特征”为外延,并秉持“社会融入”的内涵。The anti-discrimination law of our country shows the overall characteristics of tending to be too principled and weak operability.The core reason is that the concept of discrimination,as the cornerstone of the anti-discrimination system,has not been taken seriously by legislators.The legal definition of discrimination should change rather than start from the mainstream definition raised by law dictionaries and international treaties.On the one hand,mainstream definition of discrimination ignores differences between discrimination in moral dimension and legal dimension,so understanding of discrimination has to transfer from moral dimension to legal dimension in order to solve the practical problems of discrimination and meet social effectiveness;on the other hand,mainstream definition of discrimination is just instinctive expression of discrimination in moral respect without the consideration of coherence.In order to ensure anti-discrimination law becomes a concrete legal system rather than abstract moral value,it is necessary to reconstruct the legal definition of discrimination.The reconstruction needs to consider how the definition of discrimination should be shifted from the moral dimension to the legal dimension to meet the social timeliness and coherence.Value perspective fails to answer these questions,social-behavior perspective supplies supportive resources and becomes feasible solutions of reconstruction.From the social-behavior perspective,the legal definition of discrimination takes"main social intercourse"and"social salience"as its extension,and adheres to the connotation of"social inclusion".

关 键 词：歧视的法律定义 主要社会交往 社会显著特征 社会融入 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]