國際生絲市場重組之下:19世紀70-90年代江浙生絲的輸出舆流通  

Reorganization of the International Silk Market:The Raw Silk Market of Zhejiang and Jiangsu in China from the 1870s to the 1890s

作　　者：楊纓 Yang Ying

机构地区：[1]日本熊本大学大学院人文社會科学研究部附國际人文社會科学研究中心

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2023年第11期54-66,共13页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

摘　　要：近代中國是如何入资本主義世界市場的?这一逼程舆中國的流通结有著怎的内在關係?為了回答一周题,肇者以中國近代最重要的出口商品江浙生絲為线索,考察了五口通商至20世纪20年代一较長时段内生絲貿易的發展状况以及生絲商人的經營活動,勾勒出生絲貿易及其流通體制的三個演進段,也即上海开埠至19世纪70年代中葉、70年代中葉至90年代、90年代末以降的三個偕段,本文考察的是第二楷段的情况。19世纪70年代以筱,江浙絲失去了在世界生絲市场上的優越地位,生絲的出口價格受國際價格制約,進入了一個長期下降舆停滞的时期。舆此同时,内地絲價不以上海行情為转移,仍然保持著相的獨立性。这一方面是因为國内销場興旺,撑升了内地絲價。另外,随著電信和报纸的普及,上海的商業信息得公开透明,由此加劇了絲商开的競置競賣行为,尊致雇地舆上海間的價格差缩小。在这的形势下,内地的絲業公所試圖通逼制定诸如统一生絲的收購日期和價格等章程来排除同業競争,维護同業利益,但由於当时存在大量公所以外的同業商人,公所制定的规的亚不能得到切實有效地遵行。中國傅统社會开放、流動的特性,给规約在實際轨行中带来了極大的阻。肇者韶為,直到19世纪90年代末以前,以移動商人和中介者爲基碰的傅统的“客商一牙行”體制亚未發生根本變化。出口生絲虽然沿著農一絲行一絲栈的轨向外流通,但各個流通機并不为特定的商人所断,具有开放和流動的特性。生絲的流通機在结上缺乏组織性,尊致其上下間的失转嫁無法顺利進行,而阻凝了通商口岸對内地的控制,这也是19世纪70年代以俊上海市場卷入资本主義世界市場而内地市场仍然具有相對獨立性的重要原因。How did China engage with the modem global market?How was China's involvement in international trade linked to the country's domestic circulation system?The author identifies three stages of China's domestic silk trade circulation in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces as a case through which to explore China's shifting involvement with modem capitalism:from 1843(five treaty ports),after the opening of Shanghai as a treaty port for Western mer-chants,until the mid-1870s;from the mid-1870s until the 1890s;and from the late 1890s until the 1920s.This article is the second part of the author's systematic research on the silk trade in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces from the 1870s to the 1890s.Zhejiang and Jiangsu lost their predominance in the international silk market in the 1880s when international pricing began to influence the export price of raw silk,resulting in an extended period of recession and stagnation.In contrast,the price of silk on the domestic market remained relatively stable,with limited influence from Shanghai or international markets.This price stability stemmed from the booming domestic market and the rapid development of newspapers and telegraphs,which facilitated the transmission of commercial information.As a result of intensified competition among domestic silk merchants,the difference between the silk prices on the domestic and Shanghai mar-kets narrowed significantly.Under these circumstances,the silk guild based in the Chinese hinterland attempted to regulate competition within the silk trade,aiming to guarantee reasonable profit margins by fixing purchasing dates and standardising prices.However,the guild regulations could be circumvented easily by the numerous silk mer-chants who did not belong to the guild.The openness and social mobility that characterised traditional Chinese society further compounded the difficulties encountered in the implementation of guild regulations.The opening of the five treaty ports in 1843 did not change the traditional system of broker guilds(yahang)or trav-elli

关 键 词：生絲 間埠 流通 絲行 公所 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]