太平天国的运动性质与历史评价问题  

The Nature of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Question of Historical Evaluation

作　　者：刘晨[1] Liu Chen

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2023年第12期13-22,共10页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

基　　金：国家“十四五”发展规划重大学术文化工程《(新编)中国通史》纂修工程《清代(下卷)》;国家社科基金青年项目“清代群体性事件与官方治理研究”(20CZS038);北京大学本科重点课程建设项目“《中国近代政治与外交》课程建设”(JG2023030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：太平天国运动集农民反抗思想之大成,数百万太平军民投身起义浪潮的动机深具正义性。但作为旧式农民运动,他们创立的“天国”实际仍然主要沿用封建王朝旧制,洪秀全等天国领袖找不到走出农民战争失败宿命的新路,最终在清政府与侵略者的夹击下,归于失败。太平天国反侵略思想的形成历程是曲折而惨痛的。这昭示了近代中国抵御外辱和争取民族独立的时代主题。太平天国运动性质以“反压迫与后期反侵略”为表述较为合乎实际。同时须对全盘否定和黑化、丑化太平天国及其领导人洪秀全等的论调作出必要回应。无论如何,太平天国农民战争从属于近代民族民主革命范畴,它呼应了19世纪中叶中国人民反抗压迫剥削、反抗外来侵略的时代诉求,其革命性与进步性不容否定。The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement was a great example of peasant rebellion,and the motiva-tion of millions of Taiping soldiers to join the uprising movement was deeply just.However,as an old-style peasant movement,the"Heavenly Kingdom"they created was still mainly based on the old system of the feudal dynasty,and Hong Xiuquan and other leaders of the Heavenly Kingdom could not find a new way out of the fate of the peasant wars,and eventually failed under the attack of the Qing government and the Western invaders.The formation of the anti-invasion ideology of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was tortuous and painful.It is an indication of the theme of the times for modern China to resist foreign humiliation and fight for national independence.Therefore,the nature of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement is more realistically expressed as"anti-oppression and later anti-invasion".At the same time,it is necessary to respond to the arguments that deny,blacken and vilify the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and its leader Hong Xiuquan.In any case,the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom peasant war belongs to the category of modern national democratic revolution,which echoed the aspirations of the Chinese people against oppression and exploitation and foreign invasion in the mid-19"century,and its revolutionary and progressive nature cannot be denied.

关 键 词：太平天国 反帝反封建 运动性质 农民战争 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]