未成年人监护人违反法定限制之法定代理的效力——《民法典》第35条第1款解释论  

Effectiveness of Statutory Agency of Guardian of Minor in Violation of Statutory Restrictions:On the Interpretation of Paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the Civil Code

作　　者：迟颖 Chi Ying

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（民商法学）》2023年第1期5-17,共13页Civil and Commercial Law

基　　金：2019年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“无权代理制度建构与司法适用研究”(项目编号:19SFB2043);2019年度中国政法大学科研创新年度项目“中国民法无权代理制度研究”(项目编号:19ZFG82002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：未成年人监护人之法定代理的制度目的在于弥补未成年人行为能力之欠缺,使其可以经由法定代理人参与法律交往。我国《民法典》第35条第1款关于法定代理的规定过于概括,应予限制。为实现未成年人的最佳利益,法定代理应以共同代理为原则,父母作为监护人之法定代理权和其他监护人之法定代理权所受到法定限制的程度应有所不同。法定代理人违反代理权法定限制所实施法律行为的效力因其所违反法定限制的类型不同而分别为无效或效力待定。鉴于法定代理限制的公开性,法定无权代理的相对人不可能不知道法定代理人违反法定限制,因此不得向法定代理人主张无权代理责任。The purpose of the institute of the statutory agency of the guardian of the minors is to make up for the inability of minors so that they can participate in legal interactions through statutory agent.Section 1 of Article 35 of the Civil Code on statutory agency is too general and shall be restricted.For the best interests of minors,the statutory agents shall represent the minors jointly.The agency power of the parents shall be subject to less restriction than that of the other guardians of the minors.The effectiveness of the legal acts performed by the statutory agent in violation of the legal restrictions of the statutory agency is invalid or its validity to be determined,depending on the kinds of legal restrictions that the statutory agent violates.Due to the publicity of the legal restrictions of the statutory agency,the counterparty of the unauthorized statutory agency should know the violation of such restrictions,and therefore the un-authorized statutory agent shall not be liable for the unauthorized statutory agency towards the counterparty.

关 键 词：未成年人 法定代理 共同代理 《民法典》第35条第1款 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]