核电站放射性污染金属部件激光复合去污技术研究  

Research on laser composite decontamination technology of radioactive contaminated metal parts in nuclear power plant

作　　者：魏少翀[1,3] 刘省勇 陆海峰[1,3] 张文利 李新贤[4] 聂继组 陈国星 Wei Shaochong;Liu Shengyong;Lu Haifeng;Zhang Wenli;Li Xinxian;Nie Jizu;Chen Guoxing(Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215004,China;Daya Bay Nuclear Power Operations and Management Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518124,China;National Engineering Research Center for Nuclear Power Plant Safety&Reliability,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215004,China;Yangjiang Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Yangjiang,Guangdong 529500,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州热工研究院有限公司,江苏苏州215004 [2]大亚湾核电运营管理有限责任公司,广东深圳518124 [3]国家核电厂安全及可靠性工程技术研究中心,江苏苏州215004 [4]阳江核电有限公司,广东阳江529500

出　　处：《光电工程》2024年第5期94-105,共12页Opto-Electronic Engineering

摘　　要：探究放射性污染金属部件的清洁解控或重新利用新技术,可用于减少核电站废金属产生量。本研究针对锈蚀的4140钢,提出激光复合去污技术,并与单一的干冰去污和激光去污进行对比试验。通过对基体试样的微观形貌、成分分布、金相组织、三维形貌进行测试,分析其表面粗糙度、显微硬度的变化趋势,以确定激光复合去污效果,最后在核电站中实现工程验证。测试和验证结果表明,激光复合去污技术可将4140钢表面的锈蚀层完全去除,获得最佳的去污效果,且不影响基体材料的成分、组织及力学性能。沾污电机叶轮去污后表面沾污水平均<0.4Bq/cm^(2),表面接触剂量率均<40nSv/h,达到核电站固体废物清洁解控标准。因此,激光复合去污技术可为核电站放射性污染金属部件的去污提供新方法,实现废物最小化。In order to reduce the amount of waste metal produced by nuclear power plants,a new technology for clean control or reuse of radioactively contaminated metal components is been studied.In this study,laser composite decontamination technology was proposed for corroded 4140 steel,and compared with dry ice decontamination and laser decontamination alone.By testing the microstructure,composition distribution,metallographic structure,and three-dimensional morphology of the matrix sample,the variation trend of surface roughness and microhardness was analyzed to determine the composite decontamination effect.Finally,the engineering verification was realized in the nuclear power plant.The test and verification results show that the laser composite decontamination technology can completely remove the rust layer on the surface of 4140 steel and obtain the best decontamination effect.Furthermore,it does not affect the composition,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the matrix material.The average amount of sewage on the surface of the contaminated motor impeller after decontamination is less than 0.4 Bq/cm^(2),and the surface contact dose rate is less than 40 nSv/h,which meets the clearance level of solid waste in nuclear power plants.Thus,laser composite decontamination technology can provide a new method for decontamination of radioactively contaminated metal components in nuclear power plants and minimize waste.

关 键 词：激光复合去污 表面形貌 粗糙度 损伤 清洁解控 

分 类 号：TL944[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]