基于磁流体力学模型与模型预测控制的地磁暴期间超高压、特高压电网电压波动平抑优化调度  

Optimal Dispatch for Smooth Voltage Fluctuation of EHV and UHV Power Grid During Geomagnetic Storms Based on Magnetohydrodynamics Model and Model Predictive Control Method

作　　者：辛文凯 王泽忠[1] 刘春明[2] 王古玥 Xin Wenkai;Wang Zezhong;Liu Chunming;Wang Guyue(Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]高电压与电磁兼容北京市重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京102206 [2]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第13期4003-4014,共12页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177081)。

摘　　要：地磁暴期间,电网中的变压器受到地磁感应电流(GIC)影响而导致无功损耗会显著增大,这种不确定的、突发群发的无功扰动会引发电网电压波动。超高压、特高压电网由于其特殊的电气特性更容易受到地磁暴的侵害,造成电压跌落至不合格区间甚至引发电压崩溃而导致大规模停电。该文以地球三维磁流体力学(MHD)模型预测的地磁扰动(GMD)为基础,采用模型预测控制(MPC)方法修正MHD模型计算的无功扰动并调整可控主导节点的注入功率进行优化调度,平抑地磁暴期间超高压、特高压电网电压波动。该文还以华东超高压、特高压电网为算例,仿真对比了特大地磁暴发生期间电网实施优化调度前后的电压波动,并提出了波动率指标验证了所提方法的有效性,为保证地磁暴期间的电压稳定性和合格率提供了指导。Geomagnetic storms originate from the geomagnetic disturbances(GMD)caused by the intense solar activity,and the GMD will induce geomagnetic induction currents(GIC)when it is applied to the grid.As the geomagnetic storms caused by solar activity occur almost at the same time around the world,the reactive power disturbance caused by geomagnetic storms has the characteristics of sudden and mass occurrence in the whole grid.The extra-high voltage(EHV)and the ultra-high voltage(UHV)power grids are more vulnerable to geomagnetic storms due to their special electrical characteristics,which can cause voltage fluctuations in the whole grid and even lead to voltage collapse and catastrophic consequences of large-scale power outages.The traditional methods generally use the method of connecting resistors or capacitors in series at the neutral point of the transformer,but these methods are not fully adapted to smoothing the voltage fluctuations of the grid.In recent years,with the development of theories related to geophysics and space weather,the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model has been able to predict the GMD of geomagnetic storms more accurately.This paper proposes an optimal dispatch based on the MHD model to smooth out voltage fluctuations in EHV and UHV grids during geomagnetic storms.The EHV and UHV grids achieve voltage control by adjusting the injected power from the EHV grids to the UHV grids.In this paper,the sequence of injected power change amount of controllable pilot nodes is calculated from the voltage-power sensitivity factor.To cope with the adverse effects caused by forecast errors,rolling optimization is performed in certain steps,and only control commands for the current optimization period are sent each time,instead of all periods.And comparing the difference between the phasor measurement unit(PMU)measured reactive power increment and the historical predicted value,and correcting the predicted value of the MHD model in the current optimization period.By this way,a feedback mechanism is

关 键 词：地磁暴 地磁感应电流 电压波动 磁流体力学 无功扰动 

分 类 号：TM712[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]