上海市长宁区社区老年人家庭环境跌倒相关因素发生现况的调查  

Survey on the home environmental hazards related to falls of the elderly in Changning District,Shanghai

作　　者：赵倩倩 张磊[1] 佘艳 高慧 周方家[1] 余力[1] 姜玉[1] 夏庆华[1] ZHAO Qianqian;ZHANG Lei;SHE Yan;GAO Hui;ZHOU Fangjia;YU li;JIANG Yu;XIA Qinghua(Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心,上海200051

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第4期58-61,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：长宁区卫生健康委员会跌倒相关适老环境安全性评估及干预研究“优质+均衡”项目;上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)学科带头人项目(GWVI-11.2-XD05)。

摘　　要：目的 了解长宁区社区老年人居家环境安全现况,识别老年人居家环境跌倒相关危险因素,以采取针对性的整改措施,为老年人创造更加安全的适老环境。方法 采用分阶段随机抽样方法抽取长宁区十个街道201户老年人家庭,采用自行设计的《老年人居家住宅环境跌倒相关安全性评估表》,由社区医生进行现场调查和评估收集信息,采用Epidata 3.1录入数据和SAS 9.2进行统计学分析。结果 调查对象过去一年里跌倒发生率为19.90%,每个家庭的致跌环境危险因素得分/环境危险因素数在0至25之间,平均为9项次(标准差4.71)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在排除了年龄、服药数量等因素的影响外,高致跌环境水平(居家环境致跌危险因素数量≥12个)仍是老年人跌倒的独立危险因素(OR=3.835,95%CI:1.718~8.561)。结论 致跌环境危险因素普遍存在于社区老年人居家环境中,应通过重点改善居家环境,降低老年人跌倒发生风险,为老年人打造安全舒适的居家环境。Objective To investigate the current situation of home environment safety of the elderly in Changning District,identify the risk factors related to the fall of the home environment of the elderly,and take targeted rectification measures,so as to create a safer environment for the elderly.Methods A phased random sampling method was used to select 201 elderly households from 10 streets in Changning District.Community doctors conducted on-the-spot investigation and assessment to collect information,and Epidata3.1 was used to input data and SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis.Results The incidence of falls in the past year was 19.90%,and the score of environmental risk factors/the number of environmental risk factors in each family ranged from 0 to 25,with an average of 9 items(standard deviation of 4.71).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis show that the high level of falling environment(the number of falling risk factors in home environment ≥12) is still an independent risk factor for falls of the elderly,except for the influence of age and the number of drugs taken(OR=3.835,95% CI:1.718-8.561).Conclusion The environmental risk factors causing falls are common in the home environment of the elderly in the community.It is necessary to focus on improving the home environment,reducing the risk of falls for the elderly,and creating a safe and comfortable home environment for the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 跌倒 居家环境 危险因素 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]