2019—2022年住院儿童肺炎支原体感染流行病学分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in hospitalized children between 2019-2022

作　　者：仇冬梅 申飞飞[1] 沈丽媛 吴尤佳[1] QIU Dongmei;SHEN Feifei;SHEN Liyuan;WU Youjia(Department of Pediatric Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu 226000,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学附属医院小儿内科,江苏南通226000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第4期83-86,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江苏省卫生健康委医学科研重点项目(ZD20211004)。

摘　　要：目的 探究2019—2022年住院儿童肺炎支原体(mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)感染流行病学特征,为临床上该病的预防与治疗提供依据。方法 收集南通大学附属医院2019年1月至2022年12月因呼吸道感染的住院患儿血液标本,检测患儿MP感染情况,分析MP感染不同年份、季节、性别及年龄的流行情况。结果 12 830例住院儿童的血标本中MP阳性率为16.55%(2 123/12 830),2019年住院儿童MP阳性率为17.97%,2022年住院儿童MP阳性率为16.48%,呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。女性住院儿童的阳性率19.38%(1 198/6 182)高于男性住院儿童的阳性率13.91%(925/6 648)(χ^(2)=69.277,P<0.05)。夏季(19.84%)、秋季(19.57%)两季阳性率高于春季(12.97%)、冬季(12.38%)(P<0.05)。不同年龄的2019—2022年住院儿童MP感染阳性率分别为<1岁(9.68%)、1~3岁(12.95%)、4~6岁(18.23%)、>6岁(23.23%),其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。>6岁的儿童阳性率最高。不同疾病组2019至2022年住院儿童MP感染阳性率分别为急性上呼吸道感染(15.49%)、急性下呼吸道感染(17.28%)、重症肺炎(16.43%)、其他疾病(16.71%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 MP感染是住院儿童呼吸道感染的主要病原体之一,2019—2022年住院儿童MP感染率虽呈下降趋势,但其感染水平仍较高,以夏秋季高发,>6岁儿童尤其女童是MP感染的高发人群。应针对高发人群积极采取有效措施,指导临床抗感染策略,切实提高本地区儿童的身心健康。Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) infection in hospitalized children between 2019 and 2022,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease in the clinic.Methods Blood samples of 12 830 children hospitalized for respiratory tract infection in our hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were collected,and tested for MP infection,then the prevalence of MP infection in different years,seasons,genders and ages was analyzed.Results The total positive rate of MP was 16.55%(2 123/12 830).The annual prevalence rate of MP infection decreased from 17.97% in 2019 to 16.48% in 2022,with statistical difference(P<0.05).In terms of gender,the prevalence of MP infection was higher in females at a rate of 19.38%(1 198/6 182) compared with a rate of 13.91%(925/6 648) in males,with statistical difference(χ~2=69.277,P<0.05).The positive rates in summer(19.84%) and autumn(19.57%) were higher than those in spring(12.97%) and winter(12.38%)(P<0.05) In terms of age,the positive rate of MP infection was 9.68% in <1 age group,12.95% in 1-3 age group,18.23% in 4-6 age group and 23.23% in > 6 age group(P<0.05),with the highest positive rate in > 6 age group.The positive rate of MP infection was 15.49% in acute upper respiratory tract infection,17.28% in acute lower respiratory tract infection,16.43% in severe pneumonia,and 16.71% in other diseases,with no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusion MP is one of the main pathogens of respiratory infections in hospitalized children.Despite the decreasing trend in MP infection rate in hospitalized children between 2019 and 2022,it remains above the norm.MP infection is characterized by a high prevalence in summer and autumn,children >6 years of age,and girls,so effective measures should be taken to guide clinical anti-infection strategies to improve the physical and mental health of children in this region.

关 键 词：住院儿童 肺炎支原体 流行病学 预防 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]