个体因素与劳动组织对汽车制造业工人肌肉骨骼疾患的影响  

Influence of individual factors and labor organization on musculoskeletal disorders of automobile manufacturing workers

作　　者：尹虹 梅勇[2] 张亢亢 赵国兵[3] 李琴[4] 杨少华 吴家兵 YIN Hong;MEI Yong;ZHANG Kangkang;ZHAO Guobing;LI Qin;WU Jiabing(Shiyan Occupational Disease Prevention Institute,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China;Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430065,China;Shiyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shiyan,Hubei 442004,China;School of Public Health and Health,Hubei University of Medicine,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省十堰市职业病防治院,湖北十堰442000 [2]武汉科技大学,湖北武汉430065 [3]湖北省十堰市疾病预防控制中心,湖北十堰442004 [4]湖北医药学院公共卫生与健康学院,湖北十堰442000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第4期99-102,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康委员会科研项目(WJ2021F057);十堰市软课题项目(2021R085)

摘　　要：目的 探讨个体因素与劳动组织因素对汽车制造业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的影响,为汽车制造业工人WMSDs防治提供科学依据。方法 于2020年4月采用整群抽样的方法,选取某汽车厂5 564名工人作为研究对象,应用《肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查其WMSDs患病情况,采用广义估计方程探讨个体因素与劳动组织因素对WMSDs的影响。结果 研究对象WMSDs患病率79.00%,其中多部位WMSDs患病率达67.95%。广义估计方程分析显示,每天做同样工作(OR=1.531,P<0.05)、年龄≥40岁(OR=1.357,P<0.05)、人员短缺(OR=1.395,P<0.05)、工龄≥16年(OR=1.326,P<0.05)是汽车制造业工人罹患WMSDs的主要危险因素。男性、休息时间充足是WMSDs的保护因素。作业相关矩阵显示,大多数部位WMSDs存在一定正相关关系。结论 汽车制造业工人多部位WMSDs患病率较高,不合理的劳动组织是WMSDs的主要危险因素,适当的工间休息可有效降低患病风险。广义估计方程可较好的分析WMSDs的影响因素。Objective To investigate the influence of individual factors and labor organization factors on work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) in automobile manufacturing workers,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of WMSDs in automobile manufacturing workers.Methods In April 2020,5564 workers in an automobile factory were selected by cluster sampling method.The prevalence of WMSDs was investigated by using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire,and the influence of individual factors and labor organization factors on WMSDs was investigated by using generalized estimation equation.Results The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 79.00%,and the prevalence rate of multisite WMSDs was 67.95%.The analysis of generalized estimation equation showed that doing the same job every day(OR=1.531,P<0.05),age ≥40 years(OR=1.357,P<0.05),personnel shortage(OR=1.395,P <0.05),and work length of ≥16(OR=1.326,P<0.05) were the main risk factors for WMSDs in automobile manufacturing workers.Male and adequate rest time were protective factors for WMSDs.The job correlation matrix showed that WMSDs in most parts had a positive correlation.Conclusions The prevalence of multisite WMSDs of workers in automobile manufacturing industry is high,and unreasonable labor organization is the main risk factor of WMSDs.Appropriate work breaks can effectively reduce the risk of WMSDs.The generalized estimation equation can better analyze the influencing factors of WMSDs.

关 键 词：工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 劳动组织 广义估计方程(GEE) 汽车制造 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]