健康教育对高血压、糖尿病人群流感、肺炎疫苗接种率的影响分析  

Influence of health education on influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates in people with hypertension and diabetes

作　　者：钱星 王旭雯[1] 修仕信[1] QIAN Xing;WANG Xuwen;XIU Shixin(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214023,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省无锡市疾病预防控制中心,江苏无锡214023

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第4期133-136,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中华预防医学会慢性病与免疫预防实践探索项目(20181029);无锡市科技发展资金项目(N20191007);无锡市医学发展学科(FZXK2021010)。

摘　　要：目的 评价健康教育对高血压、糖尿病人群流感、肺炎疫苗接种知信行的影响。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法选取研究对象,开展健康教育并随访,通过自身对照干预前后疾病和疫苗认知及接种情况。结果 干预后末次随访时有2.45%的研究对象接种了流感疫苗,高于干预前的0.74%(P<0.05),9.81%的研究对象接种了肺炎疫苗,高于干预前的0.49%(P<0.05)。3次随访中认为高血压和糖尿病患者更容易患肺炎的分别占32.37%、41.00%、38.11%,均高于干预前的30.36%(P<0.05);认为患肺炎会加重高血压、糖尿病病情的分别占37.22%、44.92%、41.39%,均高于干预前的35.80%(P<0.05);认为有必要接种疫苗的分别占40.02%、52.62%、50.02%,总体高于干预前的40.07%(P<0.05)。结论 高血压、糖尿病人群对流感和肺炎疫苗的认知、接种意愿和接种率均较低,针对性健康教育的干预措施可以提高人群疫苗预防接种的知信行水平,提高人群的疫苗接种率。Objective To evaluate the influence of health education on influenza and pneumonia vaccination in hypertensive and diabetic population.Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select subjects,carry out health education and follow-up,and compare the cognition and vaccination status of diseases and vaccines before and after intervention by themselves.Results Among the 2.45% of subjects were vaccinated with influenza vaccine at the last follow-up after intervention,compared with 0.74% before intervention(P<0.05),9.81% of subjects were vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine,compared with 0.49% before intervention(P<0.05).At the last follow-up after intervention,2.45% of subjects had received influenza vaccine and 9.81% of subjects had received pneumonia vaccine,with high vaccination rates before intervention(P<0.05).In 3 follow-up visits after intervention,32.37%,41.00% and 38.11% of hypertension and diabetes patients were more likely to suffer from pneumonia,which were higher than 30.36%(P<0.05).37.22%,44.92% and 41.39% thought pneumonia would aggravate hypertension and diabetes,respectively,which were higher than 35.80%(P<0.05).40.02%,52.62% and 50.02% thought vaccination was necessary,respectively,higher than 40.07% before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion People with hypertension and diabetes have low cognition,vaccination willingness and vaccination rate of influenza and pneumonia vaccine.Targeted health education interventions can improve the level of knowledge,attitude and practice of vaccination and improve the vaccination rate of the population.

关 键 词：高血压 糖尿病 流感疫苗 肺炎疫苗 健康教育 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]