新莽至东汉初年南阳汉画中的门吏服装考  

A Study on the Clothing of Officials in Nanyang Han Dynasty Stone Reliefs from the Xin Dynasty(9-23 A.D.)to the Early Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220 A.D.)

作　　者：张珊珊[1] ZHANG Shanshan(School of Literature,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学文学院,北京1000021

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2024年第4期19-25,共7页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：河南兴文化工程文化研究专项项目“汉代画像石刻的艺术与历史研究”(项目编号:2022XWH252)。

摘　　要：新莽至东汉初年的南阳陈棚彩绘画像石墓中出现了大量的门吏形象,反映了南阳地区这一时期不同身份门吏的服装特点。根据门吏所持物品不同,可将其分为拥盾门吏、执笏门吏、执戟门吏、执棨戟门吏、执金吾门吏和拥彗门吏。拥盾门吏多为门亭长,戴武弁大冠;执笏门吏多为门大夫,戴进贤冠;执戟门吏与执棨戟门吏为郎官形象,戴武弁大冠;拥彗门吏为门卒,戴赤色平上帻;执金吾门吏为执金吾,戴赤色介帻。门亭长等皆为汉代门者,因此在汉画像中多以门吏形象出现在墓门或门柱上,以起到宿卫亡灵的作用。其服装亦与各自的身份相称。In the Han Dynasty tombs with colored stone reliefs excavated in Chenpeng,Nanyang,spanning from the Xin Dynasty(9-23 A.D.)to the Early Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220 A.D.),a significant number of gatekeeper images come to the fore,reflecting the clothing characteristics of gatekeepers with different identities in the Nanyang region during this period.Based on the different items held by the gatekeepers,they can be classified into shield-bearing gatekeepers(拥盾门吏),scepter-bearing gatekeepers(执笏门吏),halberd-bearing gatekeepers(执戟门吏),black cloth draped spear-bearing gatekeepers(执棨戟门吏),golden-mace-bearing gatekeepers(执金吾门吏),and whisk-bearing gatekeepers(拥篲门吏).Shield-bearing gatekeepers(拥盾门吏)are often appointed as gatehouse supervisors,adorned with military headwear and large ceremonial headgear.Scepter-bearing gatekeepers(执笏门吏)are predominantly appointed as gate officials,adorned with the crown of Jinxian(进贤冠).Halberd-bearing gatekeepers(执戟门吏)and black cloth draped spear-bearing gatekeepers(执棨戟门吏)are depicted as imperial bodyguards(Langguan郎官),adorned with military headwear and large ceremonial headgear.Whisk-bearing gatekeepers(拥篲门吏)are typically gate guards,distinguished by their crimson flat-top headdresses.Golden-mace-bearing gatekeepers(执金吾门吏)hold the esteemed title of Bearer of the Mace(Zhi Jinwu执金吾)and are identified by their scarlet ceremonial headwear.Gatehouse supervisors and others are all gatekeepers in the Han Dynasty.Therefore,in the Han Dynasty Stone Reliefs,the image of a gatekeeper often appears on tomb doors or door pillars to serve as a guard for the dead.Their clothing is also commensurate with their respective identities.

关 键 词：门吏 南阳汉画像石 门亭长 郎官 执金吾 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] C912.4[历史地理—中国史]