先秦儒家理论中“文”字的思想内涵  

The Ideological Connotations of the Chinese Character“文”(Wen)in Pre-Qin Confucianism

作　　者：朱金发[1] 朱汉若 ZHU Jinfa;ZHU Hanruo(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang Henan 473061,China;Graduate School,Cheongju University,Chungcheongbuk-do Cheongju-si 28503,South Korea)

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院文学院,河南南阳473061 [2]韩国清州大学研究生院,清忠北道清州28503

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2024年第4期48-58,共11页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“先秦《诗经》学范畴研究”(项目编号:11BZW029);河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“诸子原论:起源、特质及其价值”(项目编号:2023BWX013)。

摘　　要：“文”字是先秦儒家理论中的“文”“文学”“文章”等概念的理论核心。殷商甲骨文中以“文”作为美称来赞美先王,西周初年沿袭“文”字的这种用法,并以有礼为“文”,以有“文”为德,大力提倡明德精神,提出“文德”概念。春秋时期,以个人道德操守、个人品行、文化素养与言辞文采为“文”,同时认为《诗》《书》等典籍的学习可以培养这种品性,“文”概念的礼仪与文化的思想观念有了分化趋势,《论语》中提出的“文学”概念是礼的范畴,是孔子授徒课业的主要内容,《论语》中多以“文”指代这种课业中《诗》《书》等典籍学习,以“礼”字指礼仪学习,“文”概念理论内涵分化趋势更明显。战国时代,“礼文”与艺文被区分开来,以“文章”指礼,以“文学”指学子课业的《诗经》《尚书》等典籍,“文学”概念就逐渐脱离了礼学的理论阈限,特别是《荀子》一书中,“文学”直接与《诗》《书》经典相关联,为后代文艺理论的文学概念的提出,开创了理论源头。The Chinese character“文”(Wen)serves as the theoretical cornerstone in pre-Qin Confucianism for concepts such as“culture,”“literature,”and“writing.”In the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty(1600-1046 B.C.),the Chinese character“文”(Wen)was used as a term of praise to commend the virtuous conduct of the ancient kings.This usage was continued into the early Western Zhou(1046-771 B.C.)period,where“文”came to signify propriety and decorum,and possessing“文”denoted moral virtue.There was a significant promotion of the spirit of enlightenment and virtue,leading to the formulation of the concept of“文德”(Wen and De),which underscores the inseparable connection between cultural refinement and moral integrity.During the Spring and Autumn(770-476 B.C.)period,the concept of“文”(Wen)evolved to encompass individual moral conduct,personal demeanor,cultural refinement,and rhetorical eloquence.Concurrently,the study of classics such as the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents was perceived as a means to cultivate such character.The notion of“文”began to diverge from purely ritualistic and cultural perspectives.In the Analects of Confucius,the concept of“文学”(Wenxue)was introduced within the context of ritual,constituting a primary focus of Confucius’s teachings to his disciples,wherein“文”predominantly referred to the study of classics like the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents,while the term“礼”(Li)indicated studies in ritual propriety.This divergence in the theoretical connotations of the concept of“文”became increasingly apparent during this period.During the Warring States(475-221 B.C.)period,a clear distinction emerged between“礼文”(ritual texts)and“艺文”(artistic texts),with“文章”(literary works)coming to signify ritual practices,while“文学”(literary studies)referred specifically to the study of classics such as the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents undertaken by scholars.The concept of“文学”gradually t

关 键 词：先秦儒家 文 文采 文德 文学 

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