旋转环境下的磁耦合双稳态能量俘获机理研究  

Mechanism of magnetic⁃coupled bistable energy harvesting in rotational environment

作　　者：伍芷娴 王锁 李支援 梅旭涛 周生喜 WU Zhi-xian;WANG Suo;LI Zhi-yuan;MEI Xu-tao;ZHOU Sheng-xi(School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Research and Development Institute in Shenzhen,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Shenzhen 518057,China;Faculty of Engineering,The University of Tokyo,Tokyo 153-8505,Japan)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,陕西西安710072 [2]西北工业大学深圳研究院,广东深圳518057 [3]东京大学工学院,日本东京153-8505

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2024年第6期964-975,共12页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12072267);深圳市基础研究面上项目(JCYJ20190806153615091)。

摘　　要：环境中存在大量的旋转运动能量,可以使用能量俘获技术将其转换为可用的电能,进而为嵌入式设备和无线传感器提供持续稳定的电能,以解决传统化学电池供电带来的环境污染和维护成本高等问题。为了提高能量俘获系统在超低频(低于3 Hz)旋转环境中的能量俘获性能,本文提出一种具有低势垒特性的时变势阱磁耦合双稳态能量俘获系统。在充分考虑了离心效应影响的前提下,基于能量法和拉格朗日方程在旋转坐标系下推导了该系统的分布式参数机电耦合方程。通过建立该系统的磁力计算模型以分析磁间距和离心效应对系统势能阱及能量俘获特性的影响。数值仿真结果和实验结果均验证了与传统线性能量俘获系统相比,本文提出的时变势阱磁耦合双稳态能量俘获系统具有更宽的工作频率范围(0~2.67 Hz)和更高的输出电压(大于2 V)。Ambient environments are rich in rotational energy resources.These can be converted into useful electric energy through energy conversion materials to,powering embedded devices and wireless sensors in the Internet of Things.As such,energy har-vesting technology could potentially address the environmental pollution and high maintenance costs associated with traditional chemical batteries.This paper proposes a novel time-varying potential well magnetic-coupled bistable energy harvesting system with low potential barriers to enhance the energy harvesting performance in ultra-low frequency rotating environments(below 3 Hz).The proposed system comprises a forward steel beam and an inverted piezoelectric beam installed on a rotational plate.Mutu-ally exclusive magnets are attached to the free ends of both beams,creating three equilibrium positions due to the magnetic force,two of which are stable.This gives the system its coupled bistable characteristics.The free end of the forward steel beam is dis-tanced from the center of the rotational plate,making it a centrifugal hardening beam.Conversely,the free end of the inverted piezoelectric beam is closer to the center,making it a centrifugal softening beam.Taking into account the influence of the centrifu-gal effect,the distributed parameter electromechanical coupling equation of the system is derived in the rotational coordinate sys-tem using the energy method,Lagrange equation,piezoelectric theory,and more.A magnetic calculation model is used to analyze the influence of magnetic spacing and the centrifugal effect on the potential energy well and the energy harvesting performance of the system.Finally,numerical simulations and experimental results verify that,compared to the linear energy harvesting system,the proposed magnetic-coupled bistable energy harvesting system has a wider operating frequency range(0~2.67 Hz)and higher output voltage(greater than 2 V).

关 键 词：旋转能量俘获 超低频 双稳态 时变势阱 低势垒 

分 类 号：TN712.1[电子电信—电路与系统] O322[理学—一般力学与力学基础]