基于院前120急救大数据的流行病学特征及其空间分析——以大连市为例  

The epidemiological analysis and spatial analysis based on big data of 120 pre-hospital first aid as an example of Dalian

作　　者：李鹏[1] 邱琬钧 马楠 郭建科[1] 刘永睿 张帅[1] 伍美强 LI Peng;QIU Wanjun;MA Nan;GUO Jianke;LIU Yongrui;ZHANG Shuai;WU Meiqiang(Institute of Marine Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;City Institute,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116600,China;Liaoning Science and Technology Museum,Shenyang 110167,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学海洋可持续发展研究院,辽宁大连116029 [2]大连理工大学城市学院,辽宁大连116600 [3]辽宁省科学技术馆,辽宁沈阳110167

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期235-242,共8页Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目(LJKMZ20221415)。

摘　　要：城市公共卫生应急管理与居民生命安全息息相关,随着大连市人口老龄化速度加快,疾病谱系也随之复杂化,居民对急救的需求与日俱增.采用2020年9月至2021年8月大连市120院前急救患者的历史大数据,筛选并分析院前急救患者的流行病学特征建立数据库,利用最近邻距离指数、核密度、缓冲区分析等方法研究大连市120院前急救患者的空间格局分布的类型和特征.通过筛选符合标准的40 551病例后,对院前急救患者进行流行病学分析,得到大连市120院前急救患者的流行病学特征:男女比例为1.13∶1,疾病高峰年龄段是老年组(病发年龄≥60岁),排除不明确诊断,病种占比前3的疾病是损伤和中毒(24.727%)、心血管系统(10.219%)、呼吸系统(9.928%),且这些疾病都主要发生在老年组.院前120急救患者在空间上多呈现集聚分布,主要集中于苍山路周围、友谊广场附近、东联路与华北路相交一带、香炉礁街、联合路两侧、中山广场附近、人民路、二七广场周围、马栏北街、西山小区附近、台山街周围.以期对指导医院急救资源合理配置以及制定有效的院前急救防控措施具有一定的参考意义.Urban public health emergency management is closely related to the life safety of residents,and with the accelerated aging of the population in Dalian,the disease spectrum has become more complex,and the demand for emergency care among residents is increasing day by day.This paper uses historical big data of 120 pre-hospital emergency patients in Dalian from September 2020 to August 2021,screens and analyses the epidemiological characteristics of pre-hospital emergency patients to establish a database.It uses nearest neighbour distance index,kernel density and buffer zone analysis to study the types and characteristics of the spatial pattern distribution of 120 pre-hospital emergency patients in Dalian.After screening 40551 cases that met the criteria,epidemiological analysis was performed on the case pre-hospital emergency patients to obtain the epidemiological characteristics of 120 pre-hospital emergency patients in Dalian:the ratio of men to women was 1.13∶1,the peak age group of diseases was the elderly group(age of onset≥60 years),unclear diagnosis was excluded,and the top three diseases in terms of type were injury and poisoning(24.727%),cardiovascular system(10.219%),and respiratory system(9.928%),and all of these diseases occurred mainly in the elderly group.The pre-hospital 120 emergency patients were mostly spatially clustered,mainly around Cang Shan Road,near Friendship Square,around the intersection of Dong Lian Road and Hua Bei Road,Xiang Fu Reef Street,both sides of Union Road,near Zhongshan Square,Renmin Road,around Er Qi Square,around Maban North Street,near Xishan District,and around Taishan Street.It is expected to be of reference significance in guiding the rational allocation of hospital emergency resources and the development of effective pre-hospital emergency prevention and control measures.

关 键 词：流行病学 院前120急救 急救患者大数据 GIS空间分析 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]