肾结石防治的现状与前景  

Current status and prospects of the prevention and treatment of kidney stones

作　　者：杨嗣星[1] 宋超[1] 廖文彪[1] Yang Sixing;Song Chao;Liao Wenbiao(Department of Urology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院泌尿外科,武汉430060

出　　处：《重庆医科大学学报》2024年第6期649-654,共6页Journal of Chongqing Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:82070723)。

摘　　要：目的:总结近几年肾结石防治的最新成果,并基于前人经验和本团队的实践,展望肾结石防治的前景和发展方向,为肾结石防治研究提供全新的理念。方法:检索了PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库中近5年发表的有关肾结石防治相关的文献,共纳入高质量的论文包括40篇临床研究和20篇基础研究。结合这些研究和本团队的经验及思考,对近5年来肾结石防治研究现状和前景进行讨论。结果:近几年肾结石防治研究取得了丰硕成果,其临床研究主要集中在术前肾结石成分分析、肾结石碎石术式及设备、结石药物治疗等方面;基础研究则集中在晶体介导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤、免疫细胞调控、代谢调控机制以及基础研究实验模型等方面;首次提出“极致软镜技术”的概念。结论:近5年来肾结石防治成果卓越且具有广阔的前景。展望未来,手术治疗肾结石有望通过“极致软镜技术”实现对肾结石患者最高的清石率、最小的并发症、最少的康复时间和全程舒适无痛化的诊疗目标;肾结石的病因学研究有望在结石晶体结构、肾小管上皮细胞损伤后的修复机制、新型肾结石实验模型的建立等方面另辟蹊径,以突破现今肾结石基础研究成果转化的瓶颈。Objective:To summarize the latest achievements in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones in recent years,to look forward to the prospects and development direction of the prevention and treatment of kidney stones,and to provide brand-new concepts for research on the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.Methods:PubMed,CNKI,and Wanfang Data were searched for articles on the prevention and treatment of kidney stones published within the past five years,and high-quality articles(40 clinical studies and 20 basic studies)were included.With reference to these studies and the experience and thoughts of our team,this article discusses the current status and prospects of research on the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.Results:In recent years,substantial achievements had been obtained for research on the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.Related clinical studies mainly focused on the composition of kidney stones,lithotripsy procedures and equipment for kidney stones,and pharmacotherapy for kidney stones,while basic studies mainly focused on crystal-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell damage,immune cell regulation,metabolic regulation mechanism,and experimental models for basic research.The concept of“extremely flexible ureteroscopy”was proposed for the first time.Conclusion:Great achievements have been made for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones in the past five years,showing a promising future.In the future,surgical treatment of kidney stones is expected to achieve the goal of the highest stone removal rate,the lowest number of complications,the shortest rehabilitation time,and a comfortable and painless diagnosis and treatment process through the technique of“extremely flexible ureteroscopy”.The research on the etiology of kidney stones may help to break through the bottleneck of the transformation of basic research findings for kidney stones from the aspects of the crystal structure of kidney stones,the repair mechanism of renal tubular epithelial cell damage,and the ne

关 键 词：肾结石 临床研究 基础研究 现状 前景 

分 类 号：R692.4[医药卫生—泌尿科学]