亦僧亦俗:清中叶僧人的人际纠纷及其生活——以嘉庆朝刑科题本为基本资料  

Both Monk and Laymen:The Interpersonal Disputes Among the Monks and Their Lives in the Mid-Qing Dynasty:Taking Document of the Penal Cases in Jiaqing(嘉庆)Period as the Basic Materials

作　　者：常建华[1] CHANG Jian-hua(Center for Chinese Social History,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国社会史研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第4期31-42,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多样性:辽宋西夏金元明清的日常生活与地方社会”(20JJD770009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：土地债务类刑科题本呈现的僧人共同体,其内容主要通过经济纠纷构成的人际关系得以表达。僧人出家改变了生命历程,僧人与俗家亲族、僧侣之间、僧俗之间,建构了三个圈层关系。出家人的人际关系首先是僧侣之间的,具有拟制血缘的特色。僧人与民人基于社会经济交往发生关系,难免引发纠纷。僧俗债务关系、雇佣关系是引发纠纷的重要原因。借助对僧人人际关系的探讨,僧人个体生命史得以彰显。下层僧人为生计忙碌,亦同俗人。The life of monk community presented in the document of the penal cases about land debt was primarily expressed through interpersonal relationships constituted by economic disputes.Monks’monasticism changed their life trajectories and three levels relationships between monk and their lay relatives,between monks,and between monk and laymen have been constructed.The interpersonal relationship among monks are first and foremost between monks,which also have the characteristic of fictitious consanguinity.Interactions between monks and laymen due to social and economic exchanges often inevitably led to disputes.The relationship between monks and laymen in terms of debt and employment is the important cause of disputes.By exploring the monks’interpersonal relationships,the individual life history of monks is brought to light.The lower class monks were busy with their livelihoods just like the laymen.

关 键 词：生命史学 嘉庆朝 刑科题本 佛教 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度] B949.2[历史地理—历史学]