关于史实真相与历史真实问题的辨析——以镇江之战的海龄殉难事件为例  

Discrimination and Analysis of Historical Truth and Historical Reality:A Case Study of the Martyrdom of Hai Ling(海龄)at the Battle of Zhenjiang(镇江)

作　　者：王先明 WANG Xian-ming(Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学人文社会科学高等研究院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第4期92-102,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：在鸦片战争时期的镇江之战中,守将海龄殉难事件一时竟成聚讼之谜。在史实真相查实后,朝廷对海龄的嘉赏赐典,却遭到士民抵制。镇江民众抵拒的关键问题并不在其死亡之细故末节上,而依然聚焦于“尽忠殉国”大节方面。海龄悲剧性地自杀或自焚的史实真相,并不能成就其“尽节尽忠”的人生定评。时人在日常生活中琐碎片段的场景记录,已经立体地呈现了他原本鲜活而真实的形象。镇江失陷及其失陷后的惨剧与海龄“误国殃民,莫此为甚”的行为有着密切关联。海龄殉难的史实真相无法遮蔽历史的真实。In the Battle of Zhenjiang(镇江)during the Opium War,the martyrdom of General Hai Ling(海龄)became a mystery which has been debated for a long time.But after the historical truths were verified,the imperial courts awards and rewards were resisted by the gentry and people.The key issue of Zhenjiang peoples resistance is not in the details of Hai Lings death,but still focuses on the high moral principle of“loyalty to and sacrifice for the country”.The historical truth of Hai Lings tragic suicide or self-immolation does not support the evaluation of him as a person of“loyalty and integrity”.The scene recording of the trivial fragments of daily life of the people at that time has presented his original vivid and real image.The fall of Zhenjiang and the subsequent tragedy are closely related to Hai Lings action of“harming the country and bringing calamities on the people,which could not be worse”.The historical truth of Hai Lings martyrdom cannot obscure the reality of history.

关 键 词：史实真相 历史真实 海龄 鸦片战争 镇江 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] E295.2[政治法律—中外政治制度] K253[军事—军事理论]