能源转型背景下美国能源基础设施建设政策探析  

An Analysis of U.S.Energy Infrastructure Construction Policies in the Context of Global Energy Transformation

作　　者：赵艺林 许家骏 Zhao Yilin;Xu Jiajun(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058;Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]澳门科技大学,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《中外能源》2024年第7期8-16,共9页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：能源转型是当今世界能源气候问题的主旋律,能源转型的主要诉求是满足功能需求以及降低碳排放,主要实现路径为可再生能源与新能源电气化,而其关键之一在于优化能源基础设施建设。美国拜登政府回归气候变化应对议题,出台能源气候新政,扶持能源结构转型升级,重视改造能源基础设施,塑造全球能源基础设施建设项目的竞争领导力。具体而言,其国内政策重在调整能源结构,重点激励研发使用太阳能、风能、碳捕集与封存以及绿氢技术,并改进与之配套的能源基础设施;优化清洁交通运输业配套设施,通过贷款和投资项目促进技术应用与发展,提升交通运输行业电气化程度与灵活度;注重协调公私合作伙伴关系,推动各州能源基础设施有序发展。在国际层面,美国政府重在加强能源气候领域的领导力,推出新型合作伙伴关系,与盟友开展能源基础设施建设与投资项目,实质也在于促进美国国内能源基础设施的发展,并以此实现政治经济目标。然而,政策实行中也面临着电网设施改善成本大、新能源基建投资缺口大等难题。对中国而言,美国重建能源基础设施,或将带来新的发展合作机遇。Energytransformation is the main theme of energy and climate issues in today's world.The main demand of energy transformation is to meet the functional needs and reduce carbon emissions.The main path to achieve energy transformation is the electrification of renewable energy and new energy,and one of the keys is to optimize energy infrastructure construction.The Biden administration in the United States returned to the issue of climate changeresponse,introduced new energy and climate policies,supported the transformation and upgrading of the energy structure,paid attention to the transformation of energy infrastructure,and shaped the competitive leadership of global energy infrastructure construction projects.Specifically,its domestic policies emphasize restructuring the energy structure,with a focus on encouraging the research,development and application of solar energy,wind energy,carbon capture and storage,and green hydrogen technologies,and improving the supporting energy infrastructure;optimize the supporting facilities of the clean transport industry,promote the application and development of technologies through loans and investment projects,and enhance the electrification degree and flexibility of the transport industry;and focus on coordinating public-private partnerships to promote the orderly development of energy infrastructure in all states.At the international level,the U.S.government focuses on strengthening leadership in the field of energy and climate,launching newpartnerships,and carrying out energy infrastructure construction and investment projects with its allies,in essence,promoting the development of domestic energy infrastructure in the United States,thus achieving its political and economic goals.However,the implementation of the policies is also faced with problems such as the high cost of improving power grid facilities and the large investment gap in new energy infrastructure.For China,the rebuilding of energy infrastructure in the United States may bring new opportunities for developm

关 键 词：能源转型 能源基础设施 可再生能源 新能源 美国政策 

分 类 号：F416.2[经济管理—产业经济]