高纯五氧化二钒制备过程钒铬分离的研究进展  

Review of vanadium-chromium separation during the preparation of high-purity vanadium pentoxide

作　　者：李煊 魏艳芳 吴一玺 向小艳 LI Xuan;WEI Yanfang;WU Yixi;XIANG Xiaoyan(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆科技学院化学化工学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆科技学院冶金与材料工程学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《江西冶金》2024年第3期147-156,共10页Jiangxi Metallurgy

基　　金：重庆科技学院硕士研究生创新计划项目(YKJCX2220518)。

摘　　要：全钒液流电池因资源禀赋好、自给率高,有望成为我国大规模储能市场的主力军。全钒液流电池以高纯五氧化二钒为原料,对铬等杂质含量要求严格。目前,我国五氧化二钒主要从含钒钢渣中提取,但钒铬难以深度分离,导致产品中铬含量较高。因此,从含钒钢渣中提取并制备电池级五氧化二钒,以及钒铬深度分离问题亟待解决。本文综述了高纯五氧化二钒制备过程钒铬分离的研究进展,对化学沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法、吸附法及结晶法分离钒铬进行比较,并通过绘制298 K下V-Cr-H_(2)O系电位(E)-pH图,获得钒铬选择性分离的热力学窗口。与其他方法相比,化学沉淀法具有成本低、操作简单等优势,可根据钒铬氧化还原的电位差异,通过选择性氧化或还原沉淀,实现钒铬的深度分离。Due to its abundant resources and high self-sufficiency rate,all-vanadium redox flow batteries are expected to dominate China’s large-scale energy storage industry.These batteries require high-purity vanadium pentoxide as raw materials,with strict requirements for contaminants such as chromium.Currently,vanadium pentoxide is mostly recovered from steel slag containing vanadium in China.However,the separation of vanadium and chromium in depth is challenging,resulting in products with significant chromium concentration.Therefore,it is crucial to address the extraction and preparation of battery-grade vanadium pentoxide from steel slag containing vanadium,as well as the thorough separation of vanadium and chromium.This paper summarizes research progress on the selective separation of vanadium and chromium during the preparation of high-purity vanadium.It compares methods of chemical precipitation,solvent extraction,ion exchange,adsorption separation and crystallization.The potentiometric pH diagram of the V-Cr-H_(2)O system at 298 K is used to obtain the thermodynamic conditions for the selective separation of vanadium and chromium.In contrast,the chemical precipitation method is preferred over other methods due to its low cost and simplicity.To achieve a thorough separation of vanadium and chromium,the purification process can be improved by selectively oxidizing or reducing precipitation based on the potential difference of vanadiumchromium redox.

关 键 词：高纯五氧化二钒 铬 分离 含钒钢渣 

分 类 号：TF841.3[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]