对比较优势推动贸易全球化发展的新审视  

A New Perspective on the Role of Comparative Advantage in Promoting Trade Globalization

作　　者：林发彬[1] LIN Fabin(Asia-Pacific Institute,Fujian Academy of Social Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建社会科学院亚太所,福建福州350001

出　　处：《对外经贸实务》2024年第6期14-19,共6页Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

基　　金：福建社科规划一般项目“内需主导型进口对制造业区域价值链高端的影响研究”(FJ2021B022)。

摘　　要：比较优势在贸易全球化发展中扮演了非常重要的角色。本文首先回顾了从1970年至今贸易全球化发展的三个主要阶段,再以中美两国生产服装和饮料为例,阐述了比较优势推动贸易全球化发展过程中存在的比价机制,说明专业化生产和自由贸易在不提高各自劳动生产效率的情况下也能提高总产量和国民福利。最后,文章指出了比较优势理论的局限性,包括忽视贸易利益冲突、回避了动态变化、规模不经济现象以及未考虑环境和可持续发展因素,强调贸易全球化发展是一个复杂的系统,大多数发展中国家基于比较优势进行分工和贸易时需要破解比价机制不合理问题。Comparative advantage has played a crucial role in the development of trade globalization.This paper first reviews the three main stages of trade globalization development from the 1970s to the present.Using the example of China and the United States in the production of clothing and beverages,the paper illustrates the price mechanism through which comparative advantage promotes trade globalization.It demonstrates that specialized production and free trade can increase total output and national welfare without improving their respective labor productivity.Finally,the paper points out the limitations of the comparative advantage theory,including the neglect of trade conflicts,avoidance of dynamic changes,phenomena of diseconomies of scale,and the lack of consideration for environmental and sustainable development factors.It emphasizes that trade globalization is a complex system,and most developing countries need to address the irrational price comparison mechanism when engaging in division of labor and trade based on their comparative advantages.

关 键 词：贸易全球化 比较优势 比价机制 中间品进口 

分 类 号：F740.3[经济管理—国际贸易]