岩溶泉水温度对降雨—流量响应的指示作用  

Indicative function of karst spring temperatures on rainfall-flow response

作　　者：何清 陈喜[1,2] 张志才 程勤波[1] HE Qing;CHEN Xi;ZHANG Zhicai;CHENG Qinbo(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210098,China;Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院,天津300072

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第2期272-278,335,共8页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：自然科学基金重点项目(41571130071);面上项目(41971028,41571020)。

摘　　要：岩溶区土-岩交错、裂隙和管道发育,加大了降雨入渗补给方式和多重水流辨识难度。文章利用贵州陈旗小流域场次降雨、泉流量以及大气、土壤和泉水温度观测数据,识别降雨入渗补给方式、泉流量来源以及热传导机制。结果表明:强度小、历时长的降雨,泉水温度缓慢上升且持续时间长,以“分散入渗补给”和热传导作用为主;随着降雨强度增大、持续时间缩短,泉水温度上升时段缩短、下降快速,以“径流集中入渗补给”和“直接集中入渗补给”为主,热传导减弱、平流作用增强。退水初期泉水温度比泉流量下降快速,后期则相反。指示退水初期泉流量来源于大量细小裂隙水向岩溶管道中释放,后期释放量减小并趋于稳定。Karst in Southwest China is located in hot and humid climate region.Strong dissolution produces various combinations of soil,rock fractures and conduits.Therefore,the hydrogeological heterogeneity in this area contributes the difficulty to the identification of various precipitation recharge formations and multiple flow components.Tracers,such as stable isotopes,electrical conductivity,and chemical ions,have been widely used to aid our understanding of hydrological processes.Compared to these tracers,the temperature is a much cheaper alternative for high spatialtemporal resolution monitoring.In this study,the dynamics of hydrograph and temperatures in atmosphere,soils and spring water were used to trace hydrological processes of precipitation infiltration,recharge into conduits and flow exchange between conduits and fractures.Taking a hillslope spring of Chenqi basin in the karst area of Southwest China as the study area,we compared variations in atmospheric temperatures,soil temperatures,spring water temperatures before and after 21 rainfall events from the middle May to the middle September in the years of 2016 and 2017.In addition,on the basis of heat-water transfer mechanism of soil,surface karst zones,and karst conduits in spring areas,we identified the infiltration and recharge modes of different types of rainfall and the effects of fast and slow flows on the decline of spring discharge,in order to reveal the formation mechanism of runoff and infiltration recharge in karst areas.Results show that soil temperatures were much higher than spring discharge temperatures,and rainfall infiltration could sufficiently lowered soil temperatures and spring discharge temperatures in the study period.However,for the 21 rainfall events,the discharge temperatures varied in the rising phase of hydrograph because of different extents of heat mixture between the cool infiltration water and warm soils/rocks at ground surface.These differences were proven to be related with three types of precipitation infiltration and recharg

关 键 词：岩溶泉 降雨-径流响应 泉水温度 入渗补给 

分 类 号：P641.134[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]