水文地质条件对岩溶地下暗河污染的影响  

Influence of hydrogeological conditions on the pollution of karst underground rivers

作　　者：刘浩 田茂中 陈再谦 LIU Hao;TIAN Maozhong;CHEN Zaiqian(Geotechnical Engineering Corporation Limited,Sinohydro Guiyang Survey and Design Corporation Limited,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China;PowerChina Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院岩土工程有限公司,贵州贵阳550081 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第2期314-325,共12页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：中国电建贵阳院科学技术发展基金项目“岩溶山区深厚回填场地勘查技术研究”(ZL2018-19)。

摘　　要：通过收集基础资料、岩溶水文地质调查、水体污染指标分析等多种手段,分析了水文地质条件对贵州西南部某岩溶暗河地下水污染的影响。认为:(1)暗河出口所包含的六处泉点、两处溶洞,平面分布位置集中,但其水质污染情况各异,表明其分属于不同的地下岩溶水系统,暗河岩溶地下水系统极为复杂。岩溶暗河出口在空间平面上呈多股、条带状泉眼展布出露,主要受地质相变带附近构造及岩体本身异质性控制。(2)调查区受新构造运动的强烈抬升和河流快速下切的影响,形成了发达的地下岩溶水系统和岩溶洞穴系统,存在多股明流与伏流组成的水文地质单元体,客观上为暗河污染创造了条件。(3)暗河污染物来源为秧家坝岩溶洼地内某养猪场养殖废水,且是集中式、间断性通过落水洞进入地下岩溶管道。建议该岩溶暗河补给区应当控制发展大型养殖业及大中型集镇建设,污废水应当加强回收利用和减少外排,加强区内水源地建设与保护工作。With an area of about 5×105 km^(2),the largest contiguous karst area in the world is distributed in Southwest China.Karst underground rivers are the most important karst landscapes in karst areas,and also important water sources for human production and life in karst areas of Southwest China.However,with the development of industry and agriculture,the intensification of human activities,and the openness and vulnerability of the karst aquifer system,karst groundwater is facing many threats such as water pollution,depletion of water resources and so on.The water body of a karst underground river in southwestern Guizhou Province was seriously polluted,which resulted in the pollution of the water body of Qingping river downstream.Muer cave,one section of the Qingping river,is a first-class protection area of drinking water source.There are about 30,000 people living in the surrounding towns,in which water for drinking and irrigation is taken from the Muerdong underground river;therefore,the pollution of this river will greatly influence the people's life.This paper studies the influence of hydrogeological conditions of pollution in the karst underground river by means of basic data collection,analysis of karst hydrogeological conditions,microbial indicators and water pollution indexes.The results show as follows:(1)Muer cave is located near the phase transition zone between karst and non-karst rocks,with highly permeable carbonate rocks in the west and weakly permeable clastic rocks in the east.Groundwater in this area is discharged to the surface in the form of karst underground river in Muer cave near the lowest discharge datum.(2)Because of the strong uplift of neotectonic movement and the rapid cut-off of rivers,the underground karst water system and karst cave system have been developed in this area,and there exist multiple complex hydrogeological units formed by surface flows and underground flows,which may create conditions for the pollution of underground river caused by surface pollutants penetrating into u

关 键 词：水文地质条件 岩溶暗河染源 示踪试验 岩溶泉保护 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P641.134[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]