越南岩溶地质概况  

Overview on karst geology of Vietnam

作　　者：韦延兰 李文莉[1,2] 黄晨晖 周立新[1,2] 杨象鹏 WEI Yanlan;LI Wenli;HUANG Chenhui;ZHOU Lixin;YANG Xiangpeng(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Pingguo Guangxi,Karst Ecosystem,National Observation and Research Station,Pingguo,Guangxi,531406,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541004 [2]广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广西平果531406

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第2期392-405,共14页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费(2002372017001)。

摘　　要：越南岩溶发育面积大,岩溶地质有关研究比较广泛,为了更全面地掌握越南岩溶地质的研究成果,本文综合分析前人研究成果,结合遥感资料、地质图、洞穴图集等有关资料,编制越南岩溶地质分布图,结合地质构造、岩性组合、水文气候、生物活动等特征分析岩溶作用的背景条件,总结越南岩溶地质、地貌特征和岩溶分布规律,为“全球岩溶地质”数据库提供基础支持。越南岩溶分布面积60000 km^(2),占国土面积的20%,主要分布在越南的北部和中部,南部有零星分布,发育峰丛、峰林、岩溶盆地、洞穴等岩溶景观。多期构造运动、厚层石炭系-二叠系、三叠系纯石灰岩、温润多雨的热带季风气候、活跃的生物活动均有利于岩溶作用的发生。越南岩溶属于典型的热带岩溶,与中国南部岩溶具相似的起源。Karst is widely distributed in Vietnam,covering almost 60,000 km^(2),approximately 20%of the total area of Vietnam.Most karst rocks crop out in North and Central Vietnam.Karst developed with peak-clusters,peak-forests,caves,etc.is sparsely distributed in the south of Vietnam.Based on previous research,the geological map of karst distribution in Vietnam was drawn up,combined with remote sensing image,geological map,and cave atlas.In terms of geological structure,lithology combination,hydroclimate in Vietnam,conditions of karstification in this country were analyzed.From the perspective of regional geology,the characteristics of karst geology and geomorphology,karst distribution and the present situation of karst resources in Vietnam were investigated.Karst in Vietnam is distributed in the tropical karst belt,with similar origins of karst in South China.The distribution law of karst in Vietnam is mainly controlled by stratigraphic lithology and tectonic movement.Karst is developed in all the pre-Cambrian and Holocene strata and the pure limestone strata of Carboniferous,Permian and Triassic with a thickness of 1,000–2,000 m are the main beds of karst development.The warm and rainy climate and rich biological diversity accelerate karstification.There are four major karst zones in Vietnam,including peak-clusters and peak-forests in the northeast,peakforests in Ha Long Bay and karst mountain along Truong Son Ra karst in the northwest.The karst area in northeast is an extension of the karst from South China,with the development of alpine karst landforms,peak-forests,peakclusters,large drainage gullies and sinkholes.Sinkholes are extremely developed,with an average 1.4 sinkholes per square kilometer.The karst landforms vary from plateaus to depressions and hills and finally to plains from northwest to southeast,showing a complete evolution of tropical karst geomorphology.There are karst landforms such as large and deep poljes,deep gullies and caves.The vertical distance of Conh Nuoc cave,the deepest cave,is 600 m.The

关 键 词：越南 岩溶地质 岩溶景观 岩溶资源 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]