岩溶洞穴救援体系构建研究——以贵州省为例  

Construction of karst cave rescue system:A case study of Guizhou Province

作　　者：罗书文 吴克华 贺卫 罗时琴 周文龙 毛永琴 杨桃 李坡 张远海[4] 邓亚东[4] 刘宇炫 Jean Botazzi 张弘智 钱治 王德远 LUO Shuwen;WU Kehua;HE Wei;LUO Shiqin;ZHOU Wenlong;MAO Yongqin;YANG Tao;LI Po;ZHANG Yuanhai;DENG Yadong;LIU Yuxuan;Jean Botazzi;ZHANG Hongzhi;QIAN Zhi;WANG Deyuan(Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resources,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Guizhou Engineering and Technology Research Center for Karst Cave(Tourism)Resources Development and Utilization,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Guiyang No.12 Middle School,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guizhou Cave Association,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州省喀斯特洞穴(旅游)资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]贵阳十二中学,贵州贵阳550002 [4]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [5]贵州洞穴协会,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第2期476-490,共15页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般379、[2023]一般200);黔科合基础([2020]1Y159);国家自然科学基金(42262002);国家外传项目计划(黔科通[2021]68号)。

摘　　要：完善的岩溶洞穴救援体系、促进岩溶地区体育产业和旅游行业发展,对岩溶洞穴旅游具有重要现实意义。文章通过对国外洞穴救援成果及洞穴救援手册分析洞穴救援要素,结合我国救援主体和洞穴救援技能特性以及贵州实际,构建贵州洞穴救援组织架构及救援响应机制。依据贵州洞穴发育特征和洞穴事故发生概率及性质,部署贵州洞穴救援力量。根据我国救援体制和洞穴救援人员技能需求及其分布特性,建立统一指挥平台和洞穴救援专家库(消防队洞穴救援专家,洞穴协会会员洞穴救援专家),实现指挥中心统一调度,政府与社会力量共同作战。完善的洞穴救援体系有利于合理利用资源,实现洞穴救援有序高效实施。Since the 1980s,with the development of joint spelunking activities between China and other countries,modern spelunking activities and techniques have been introduced and gradually promoted in China.Spelunking is now emerging as a popularized activity,which has been integrated into sports and tourism industries.Guizhou is located in the core area of the largest contiguous karst area of the world;therefore,cave resources in Guizhou have become an important part of China's economic development.However,cave accidents have occurred frequently,showing an increase in recent years.Establishing a sound cave rescue system is of great practical significance to support the construction and development of economy in sports industry and tourism industry in Guizhou.The cave environment is one of the most risky and challenging environments for human activities,and cave rescue has gradually attracted people's attention.As early as 1935,the world's first famous cave rescue organization was established in Yorkshire,England,and subsequently,cave rescue organizations have also sprung up in the United States,France,Italy,Belgium and other western countries.On 13–15 August,1963,the first cave rescue conference was held in Bruxelles and Han-sur-Lesse,Belgium.Cave rescue manuals have been consecutively compiled and cave rescue websites have also been set up in Europe.At present,China's cave accidents mostly handled by rescue teams temporarily deployed from relevant personnel,mainly from the fire brigade.Most of the rescuers are cave professionals and enthusiasts lacking professional skills for cave knowledge and standardized training to carry out rescue operations.Consequently,it is difficult to achieve consistent and orderly rescue,which may even cause secondary injuries or delay in rescue.Based on the achievements of cave rescue and cave rescue manuals overseas,we analyzed cave rescue elements and summarized the composition of cave rescue in this paper.Taking Guizhou Province as an example,we analyzed the current types of cave accid

关 键 词：岩溶洞穴 洞穴救援 救援体系 洞穴安全 贵州 绳索技术 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]