法不溯及既往的公法意义  

The Meaning of Non-retroactivity in Public Law

作　　者：王天华 Wang Tianhua

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2023年第12期53-67,共15页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金重大项目“行政诉讼类型制度的构建研究”(项目编号:19ZDA163)的阶段性研究成果,受中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：《立法法》确立的“从旧兼有利”带有明显的内在矛盾:第一,新法已经施行,却仍要适用已被废止的旧法;第二,“从旧”与“有利”可能发生冲突。多年来,这种内在矛盾不断积累和发展,使得“从旧兼有利”在公法中基本丧失了在新旧法交替之际提供有效的法律适用规则的功能。行政裁判实践中存在大量以“新法已经代替旧法”为由的“从新”,就是明证。跳出“从旧兼有利”的案白,区分法律上的既成事实与物理上的既成事实、法不溯及既往与旧法存续,以新法的即时效力为原则,是法不溯及既往在公法中的应有之义。The"observing old laws and the law favorable to the parties concerned"established in the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China has obvious inner contradictions.First,even though the new law has been im-plemented,the repealed old law is still applicable.Second,"observing old laws"and"the law favorable to the parties concerned"may conflict with each other.These inner contradictions have been accumulating and developing for many years,making"observing old laws and the law favorable to the parties concerned"in public law basically lose the function of providing effective applicable rules at the time of alternation of the old and new laws.This is manifested in that a large amount of"applying the new law"by reason of the fact of"the new law has replaced the old law"in the administrative judicial practice.The non-retroactivity in public law requires to abandon the concept of"observing old laws and the law favorable to the parties concerned",to distinguish between the fair accompli in law and in practice,and between non-retroactivity of the law and survival of the old law,and to take the immediate effect of the new law as the principle.

关 键 词：法不溯及既往 判断基准时 时际法 新法即时效力原则 过渡条款 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]