传统中国的异姓收养及其近代法律境遇  

Different-Surname Adoption in Traditional China and Its Modern Legal Situation

作　　者：蔡晓荣 Cai Xiaorong

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2023年第12期68-80,共13页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

摘　　要：“异姓不养”是传统中国调整收养关系的核心原则,但收养异姓甚至以异姓为嗣的现象在民间收养实践中并不鲜见。清末民初,在因立嗣旧制的前提下,立法和司法层面均表现出弛缓异姓收养之禁和扩张异姓养子权利的迹象。南京国民政府时期,《中华民国民法》摒弃宗桃继承,将异姓收养纳入合法收养的范畴。为弥合新法律与旧的收养秩序之紧张关系,最高司法机关亦借助系列判例和解释令对立嗣旧制予以适度包容,同时参酌民间异姓养习惯对养子之权利加以限制,实际上是将欧陆各国收养法例与传统中国的立嗣制度和异姓气养习俗冶为一炉,从而成为中国近代亲属法转型过程中的一个成功范例。"Prohibition of adoption of different surnames"is core principle for the adjustment of adoption rela-tionships in traditional China.However,the phenomenon of adoption of a different surname even as a heir was stll quite common in folk adoption practices.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,under the premise of inheriting the old heir system,both the legislative and judicial levels showed signs of relaxing the ban on adoption of different surnames and expanding the rights of adopted children of different surnames.By the time of the Nanjing Nationalist Government,the"Civil Law of the Republic of China"abandoned the heir system,and included the adoption of different surnames into the scope of legal adoption.However,in order to bridge the tension between the new law and the old adoption order,supreme judicial authority also passed a series of precedents and interpretative orders,appropriately tolerated the old heir system,at the same time,took into account the custon of adoption with different surnames,imposed certain restrictions on the rights of adopted children.The adoption law system actually combined the adoption laws of European countries with the traditional Chinese heir system and the custom of adoption with different surnames,thus,it became a successful example in the process of the transformation of Chinese modem kinship law.

关 键 词：“异姓不养” 立嗣 乞养异姓 收养法 收养秩序 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]