第一人称或第二人称责任——如何填补人工智能时代的责任鸿沟?  

The First-Person or the Second-Person Responsibility:How to Bridge the Responsibility Gap in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?

作　　者：郭菁 Guo Jing

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文与社会科学学部哲学系,大连116024

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（伦理学）》2023年第12期85-92,共8页ETHICS

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人工智能时代责任主体的伦理建构研究”(20BZX028)。

摘　　要：针对人工智能时代“无人为智能机器的自主决策负责”的责任鸿沟问题,人们提出了“由人负责”“由机器负责”“由人机关系负责”三种解决路径。然而,这三种路径都面临着困境。原因在于:当前对责任的界定还模糊不清,尤其未对第一人称与第二人称责任进行区分。为了解决困境,需要对两种视角下的责任进行区分:第一人称责任与行动的动机相关,是自我规定的自律的责任;第二人称责任与行动的后果相关,是外在规定的他律的责任。在对两者区分的基础上就可以根据不同的情境明确不同行动体的责任,从而填补责任鸿沟。To address the responsibility gap of"no one is responsible for the autonomous decisions of intelligent machines"in the era of artificial intelligence,three solutions have been proposed:"responsibility by human","respon-sibility by machine",and"responsibility by human-machine relationship".However,all three paths are facing diffi-culties.The reason is that the definition of responsibility is still ambiguous,especially the distinction between the first-person and the second-person responsibility is not made.In order to solve the dilemma,a distinction needs to be made between the two perspectives of responsibility:the first-person responsibility is related to the motive of action,which is self-disciplined autonomous responsibility;the second-person responsibility is related to the consequence of action,which is externally imposed other-regulatory heteronomous responsibility.On the basis of the distinction between the two perspectives of responsibility,the responsibility of different agents can be clarified according to differ-ent contexts,thus bridging the responsibility gap.

关 键 词：人工智能时代 责任鸿沟 第一人称责任 第二人称责任 

分 类 号：TP18-02[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]