北京市3岁前儿童非免疫规划疫苗接种状况与趋势研究  

A current situation and the trend study of the non-national immunization program vaccines among children under 3 years of age in Beijing

作　　者：纪文艳[1] 虞睿[1] 苗良[1] 索罗丹[1] JI Wenyan;YU Rui;MIAO Liang;SUO Luodan(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,100013

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2024年第2期65-68,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项(编号:2024-2-30117)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市3岁前儿童非免疫规划(non-expanded programme on immunization,non-EPI)疫苗接种水平和变化趋势,为加强对非EPI疫苗管理提供参考。方法2023年9月1日,采用系统抽样方法随机抽取北京市免疫规划信息管理系统中2011、2014、2017和2020年的8月份出生的所有儿童个案,分析各年份抽样儿童3岁前接种非EPI疫苗的种类及户籍分布、首剂接种比例、全程免疫完成比例及其变化趋势。结果研究对象共108210名。非EPI疫苗总剂次分别为88019、109442、104451和130501剂次。研究对象3岁前水痘疫苗、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(EV71疫苗)和吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗)首剂接种比例均逐年增加,由最初的<10%分别增加至82.20%、61.07%和39.20%;2020年研究对象中,接种总剂次居前5位的非免疫规划疫苗是13价肺炎疫苗、DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗、EV71疫苗、5价轮状病毒疫苗和水痘疫苗,首剂接种比例分别为48.30%、39.20%、61.07%、30.58%和82.20%,京籍儿童均高于非京籍儿童(P<0.05);3岁前DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗、EV71疫苗和5价轮状病毒疫苗在接种首剂后的多剂次疫苗的全程免疫完成比例分别为92.26%、96.56%和94.37%,京籍儿童均高于非京籍儿童(P<0.05)。结论北京市3岁前儿童非EPI疫苗接种数量和新疫苗种类不断增加,全程接种依从性较高。而在非EPI疫苗的首剂接种比例和非京籍儿童中均需进一步提高。建议开展相关影响因素研究,加强非免疫规划疫苗的技术指导,进一步提高全市非免疫规划疫苗接种数量和质量。Objective To analyze the coverage level and trend of the non-expanded programme on immunization(non-EPI)vaccines among the children under 3 years of age in Beijing,provide the reference to enhance the management of the non-EPI vaccines.Methods The systematic sampling method was used to select the children from Beijing Expanded Programme on Immunization Information Management System on September 1st,2023.And the children born in the August 2011,2014,2017 and 2020,respectively,were included into analysis.The distribution between different Hukou,the coverage of the first dose,the completion coverage of the vaccines with multiple doses,and their trends were described and analyzed.Results A total of 108210 eligible children were included into our study.Among the sampled children of 2011,2014,2017 and 2020,the total doses of the non-EPI vaccines were 88019,109442,104451 and 130501,respectively.The first dose coverage of the varicella vaccine,EV71 vaccine,and Diphtheria,tetanus,pertusis(acellular,canponent),poliomyelitis(inactired)vaccine and Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine absorbed(DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine)increased,with the initial coverage of<10%reaching 82.20%,61.07%and 39.20%,respectively.Among the sampled children of 2020,the top 5 vaccines with the most numbers of vaccination,such as,13-valent pneumonia vaccine,DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine,EV71 vaccine,5-valent rotavirus vaccine and varicella vaccines,with the firs dose coverage of 48.30%,39.20%,61.07%,30.58%and 82.20%,respectively,and with a higher coverage in the sampled children having Beijing Hukou(P<0.05).For the children under 3 years of age who had vaccinated with the first dose of non-EPI vaccines,the completion coverage of DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine,EV71 vaccine,5-valent rotavirus vaccine,92.26%,96.56%and 94.37%,respectively,and with a higher coverage in the sampled children having Beijing Hukou(P<0.05).Conclusions The number and the category of the non-EPI vaccines and the completion coverage of them providing for children under 3 years of age increased continuously

关 键 词：儿童 非免疫规划疫苗 接种比例 北京 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]