2019—2023年北京市怀柔区流感疫苗对住院严重急性呼吸道感染保护效果评价  

Protective efficacy of influenza vaccine against hospitalized SARI in Huairou district of Beijing,2019-2023

作　　者：赵小娟[1] 张玥娇 王保东[1] 姬莉莉[1] 李超[1] ZHAO Xiaojuan;ZHANG Yuejiao;WANG Baodong;JI Lili;LI Chao(Huairou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 101400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心,101400

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2024年第2期77-81,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的 估算北京市怀柔区2019—2020和2022—2023年流行季流行性感冒(以下简称流感)疫苗对住院严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)的保护效果(VE)。方法 利用怀柔区住院SARI监测数据,通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)进行流感病毒核酸检测。采用检测阴性的病例对照设计,计算流感核酸阳性组与阴性组SARI患者流感疫苗接种的比值比(OR)以及VE。结果 2019—2020和2022—2023年流行季流感疫苗对住院SARI的总VE为27.00%(95%CI:-77.83%~70.00%),其中2019—2020、2022—2023年流行季的VE分别为31.85%(95%CI:-108.10%~77.68%)、20.51%(95%CI:-291.49%~83.86%)。2019—2020年流行季对A(H3N2)亚型的VE为29.50%(95%CI:-115.47%~76.93%),2022—2023年流行季对甲型流感的VE为20.51%(95%CI:-291.49%~83.86%)。结论 怀柔区2019—2020和2022—2023年流行季流感疫苗接种未显示出有效预防流感住院的效果,后期需更严谨的大样本研究以进一步评估。Objective To estimate the vaccine efficacy(VE)of seasonal influenza vaccine in the protection against hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)during 2019-2020 and and 2022-2023 influenza seasons in Huairou district of Beijing.Methods The surveillance data of hospitalized SARI cases were collected and influenza virus nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The study was designed as a case-control study using test-negative cases as the control group to calculate odds ratio(OR)of influenza vaccination rates among SARI patients in influenza nucleic acid positive and negative groups and to assess VE.Results The overall VE against hospitalized SARI in 2019-2020 and 2022-2023 influenza seasons was 27.00%(95%CI:-77.83%-70.00%)while the VEs of each season were 31.85%(95%CI:-108.10%-77.68%)and 20.51%(95%CI:-291.49%-83.86%),respectively.The VE against influenza A(H3N2)was 29.50%(95%CI:-115.47%-76.93%)in 2019-2020 influenza season.The VE against influenza A was 20.51%(95%CI:-291.49%-83.86%)in 2022-2023 influenza season.Conclusions Influenza vaccination did not show effective protection against influenza related hospitalization in 2019-2020 season or in 2022-2023 season.The more rigorous large-scale study for further evaluation would be necessary.

关 键 词：流行性感冒 住院 严重急性呼吸道感染 流感疫苗 保护效果 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]