复杂微型构件特种能场辅助微成形研究进展  

Research Progress on Energy Field Assisted Micro-forming of Complex Micro Parts

作　　者：单德彬[1,2,3] 李虎山 陈俞希 丁朝刚 徐振海[1,2,3] 徐杰 郭斌[1,2,3] SHAN Debin;LI Hushan;CHEN Yuxi;DING Chaogang;XU Zhenhai;XU Jie;GUO Bin(Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Microstructures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学微系统与微结构制造教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学金属精密热加工国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2024年第7期23-47,共25页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51635005,52305349)。

摘　　要：随着复杂微型构件特征尺寸的不断减小,尺度范围不断扩大,材料种类日益增多,单纯依靠模具施加载荷的塑性微成形技术受到越来越多的挑战,成为制约微型构件实际应用的关键技术瓶颈。特种能场微成形技术利用超声场、电场和电磁场等能场与材料相互作用产生的特殊物理效应进行微加工,可以明显改善材料的塑性流动,降低微成形载荷,从而显著提高微型构件成形质量。本文综述了超声场、电场和电磁场等特种能场作用下塑性微成形的研究进展。首先探讨了特种能场作用下材料力学性能响应机制及微成形尺度极限,其次介绍了特种能场作用下微成形过程中材料微观组织结构演化与缺陷形成机理,最后总结了特种能场辅助微成形的关键工艺参数及其对成形质量的影响规律,强调了通过优化工艺参数实现高精度成形的重要性,为复杂微型构件的低成本、高效制造提供了新的技术路径。As the feature size of micro-complex parts continues to decrease,the scale range continues to expand,and the types of materials increase,the material type is increasing,the plastic micro-forming technology relying on the load application of dies faces more and more challenges,becoming a key technical bottleneck that restricts the practical application of micro-components.Special energy field micro-forming technology utilizes the interaction of energy fields such as ultrasonic field,electric field,and electromagnetic field with materials to produce special physical effects,which can significantly improve the plastic flow of materials,reduce micro-forming loads,and thus significantly improve the forming quality of micro parts.Firstly,the response mechanism of material mechanical properties and the scale limit of micro-forming under the action of energy fields were explored.Secondly,the evolution of material microstructure and the defect formation mechanism during micro-forming under the action of energy fields were introduced.Finally,the key process parameters of energy field-assisted micro-forming and their impact on the forming quality were summarized.The importance of achieving high-precision forming through optimizing process parameters was emphasized,providing a new technological path for low-cost and efficient manufacturing of small and complex components.

关 键 词：微成形 尺度效应 微观组织 特种能场 微型构件 

分 类 号：TG306[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]