寒地粳稻在长江下游地区作双季早粳稻产量和品质表现分析  

Yield and Quality Analysis of Japonica Varieties from Cold Region Cultivated as Double Cropping Early Season Rice in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：徐亚楠 陶怡 叶淑珍[1] 徐春梅[1] 陈松[1] 褚光[1] 王丹英[1] 欧阳由男[1] XU YaNan;TAO Yi;YE ShuZhen;XU ChunMei;CHEN Song;CHU Guang;WANG DanYing;OUYANG YouNan(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州311400

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第11期2114-2124,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻,CARS01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS ZDRW202001)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析引自寒地不同积温带粳稻品种作双季早稻时产量及构成以及品质差异,为筛选适宜长江下游种植的双季早粳稻品种提供理论依据。【方法】分别于2018、2021、2022年在浙江台州(121°13′E,28°78′N)和杭州(119°94′E,30°08′N)进行大田试验,分别以6、13和41个寒地粳稻品种为材料,主要来自黑龙江省第一至四积温带,以当地主栽的早籼稻品种中早39作为对照。分析寒地粳稻在南方稻区作双季早稻时产量和品质表现,并在2022年进行早粳稻品种的大田生产验证。【结果】通过提前早粳稻播期,3年的水稻收获期比当地双季早籼稻提前约0—15 d。2018年种植早粳稻品种的产量均值为6637.77 kg·hm^(-2),其中空育131产量最高,为7724.70 kg·hm^(-2),且在2022年的大田生产验证中产量达7194.77 kg·hm^(-2);所有品种在南方作为双季早粳稻种植的垩白度、透明度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量符合二等优质食用稻品种品质标准,但整精米率较低。2022年早粳稻的平均产量为6630.45 kg·hm^(-2),排名前三的依次为:龙垦257(8324.99 kg·hm^(-2))>龙垦263(8170.94 kg·hm^(-2))>莲稻1号(8108.34 kg·hm^(-2))。与中早39相比,早粳稻有效穗数多,但每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率低,导致其产量为中早39的54.75%—93.28%。第三积温带品种因高结实率从而产量表现优于其他积温带。寒地粳稻品种间产量及构成的相关性分析结果表明,产量与有效穗数呈显著正相关,与单位面积颖花数呈极显著正相关。【结论】引自黑龙江省不同积温带的粳稻品种在长江下游作双季早稻时的生育期、产量和品质表现均验证了南方稻区种植双季早粳稻的可行性,空育131、龙垦257、龙垦263和莲稻1号可作为早粳稻进行下一步大面积示范种植。【Objective】The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences between rice yield and its components,as well as quality of double cropping early japonica rice which was selected from various accumulated temperature zones in cold region to plant in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,so as to provide a theoretical basis to select the proper japonica varieties as the double cropping early season rice in this area.【Method】Field experiments were carried out at Taizhou(121°13′E,28°78′N)and Hangzhou(119°94′E,30°08′N)of Zhejiang province in 2018,2021 and 2022.Six(2018),thirteen(2021)and forty-one(2022)japonica varieties were selected from different accumulated temperature zones in Heilongjiang province,respectively,and the early indica rice Zhongzao 39 was picked out as a control in 2018 and 2022.The differences of productive panicle number,spikelets number per panicle,percentage of filled grain,thousand grains weight,number of spikelets unit area,yield,and harvest index were analyzed among double-cropping early japonica and indica rice;the quality indexes were compared among this two types rice too,such as head rice rate,diaphaneity,gel consistency,amylose content,chalkiness degree,and chalky grain rate.【Result】The harvest dates of early japonica rice with beforehand sowing were about 0-15 days earlier than that of local double-season early indica rice.The total mean yield of early japonica rice was 6637.77 kg·hm^(-2) in 2018;and the yield of Kongyu 131 were the highest with 7724.70 kg·hm^(-2).Moreover,the field production verification in 2022 suggested that the yield of Kongyu 131 could reach 7194.77 kg·hm^(-2).The averages of chalkiness degree,diaphaneity,gel consistency and amylose content in all varieties met the quality of second-class edible rice variety criterion,but the head rice rate was low.The total mean yield early japonica rice was 6630.45 kg·hm^(-2) in 2022,in order as follows:Longken 257(8324.99 kg·hm^(-2)),Longken 263(8170.94 kg·hm^(-2)),and Liandao 1(8108.34 kg·hm^(-2

关 键 词：双季早粳稻 积温带 有效穗数 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]