南粳系列超级稻品种灌浆期光合产物的分配特性  

Distribution Characteristics of Photosynthetic Products of Nanjing Series of Super Rice During Filling Stage

作　　者：魏晓东[1] 宋雪梅 王宁[1] 赵庆勇[1] 朱镇[1] 陈涛[1] 赵凌[1] 王才林[1] 张亚东[1] WEI XiaoDong;SONG XueMei;WANG Ning;ZHAO QingYong;ZHU Zhen;CHEN Tao;ZHAO Ling;WANG CaiLin;ZHANG YaDong(Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center/Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement/East China Center of National Salt and Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center,Nanjing 210014)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/江苏省优质水稻工程技术研究中心/国家水稻改良中心南京分中心/国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心华东中心,南京210014

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第12期2309-2321,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发课题(2022YFD2300301);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2021301);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究南粳系列超级稻灌浆期光合产物转运和分配及相关基因表达量的变化特性及其与对照品种的差异,总结南粳系列超级稻高产的生理优势,为优质高产粳稻的培育提供理论依据。【方法】采用南粳5718、南粳晶谷、南粳3908和南粳5055为研究对象,以淮稻5号为对照,在孕穗期、开花期以及开花后每隔7 d至成熟期测定剑叶光合速率、地上部干物质分配和转运,以及剑叶和籽粒发育不同时期物质转运相关基因的表达量,统计产量差异。【结果】南粳系列超级稻产量和千粒重高于淮稻5号,其剑叶净光合速率在孕穗期和花后28 d显著高于淮稻5号。在物质转运方面,南粳系列超级稻开花后茎叶干重、叶片输出量、输出率和转运率显著高于淮稻5号,其中南粳5718叶片输出量和输出率最高。南粳5718剑叶中与淀粉降解和糖类代谢相关基因(OsSPS1,OsSUT2,OsGWD1)的表达比其他品种启动早,最高表达量也高于其他品种。籽粒中SWEET基因在灌浆早期的蔗糖转运过程中扮演重要角色,中后期OsPK3、OsSUT1、OsSUT2基因在糖类的运输卸载中发挥重要作用,OsAGPL2和OsDPE1基因在中后期淀粉合成中发挥重要作用,南粳5718、南粳晶谷、南粳3908籽粒中与淀粉合成和糖类运输的相关基因在不同时期的表达量显著高于淮稻5号。【结论】南粳系列超级稻较高的产量在物质转运方面主要有以下特征:茎秆和叶片物质积累量多,穗积累量大,叶片和茎秆物质转运率高;叶片中蔗糖代谢和转运相关基因表达量高,有利于蔗糖在源端的合成、装载和转运;籽粒中蔗糖转运和淀粉合成相关基因表达量高,有利于蔗糖在库端的卸载及籽粒中淀粉的合成。【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the transport and distribution of photosynthetic products and related gene expression levels during the grain filling period of the Nanjing series of super rice,as well as the differences with the control varieties,to summarize the physiological advantages of high-yield in the Nanjing series super rice,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the development of high-quality and high-yield japonica rice.【Method】Nanjing 5718,Nanjingjinggu,Nanjing 3908,and Nanjing 5055 were used as the research materials,with Huaidao 5 as the control.The photosynthetic rate of flag leaves,distribution and transportation of aboveground dry matter,and expression levels of photosynthetic product transport related genes at different stages of flag leaf and seed development were measured every 7 days during the booting stage,flowering stage,and flowering to maturity stage,and yield differences were statistically analyzed too.【Result】The yield and 1000-grain weight of the Nanjing series of super rice were higher than those of Huaidao 5,and its net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was significantly higher than that in Huaidao 5 during the booting stage and 28 days after flowering.In terms of photosynthetic product transport,the stem and leaf dry weight,leaf output,output rate,and transport rate of the Nanjing series super rice were significantly higher than those of Huaidao 5 after flowering,with Nanjing 5718 having the highest leaf output and output rate.The expression of genes related to starch degradation and carbohydrate metabolism(OsSPS1,OsSUT2,and OsGWD1)in the flag leaves of Nanjing 5718 was initiated earlier than other varieties,and the highest expression level was also higher than other varieties.The SWEET gene in grains played an important role in early sucrose transport during grain filling,while the OsPK3,OsSUT1,and OsSUT2 genes played an important role in sugar transport and unloading during the middle and late filling stages.The OsAGPL2

关 键 词：超级稻 光合产物 基因表达 物质分配 蔗糖转运 高产育种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]