秸秆还田与氮肥施用对稻田温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions in rice paddy fields and research on fertilizer recommendation

作　　者：吴健成 刘卿 汪翠存[1,2,3,4,5] 陆汝华 刘艳 曹强[1,2,3,4,5] 田永超[1,2,3,4,5] 朱艳 曹卫星[1,2,3,4,5] 刘小军[1,2,3,4,5] WU Jiancheng;LIU Qing;WANG Cuicun;LU Ruhua;LIU Yan;CAO Qiang;TIAN Yongchao;ZHU Yan;CAO Weixing;LIU Xiaojun(National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,China;Engineering and Research Center for Smart Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210095,China;Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210095,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored bu Province and Ministry,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心,南京210095 [2]智慧农业教育部工程研究中心,南京210095 [3]农业农村部农作物系统分析与决策重点实验室,南京210095 [4]江苏省信息农业重点实验室,南京210095 [5]现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第12期5328-5339,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市农业科技创新项目(I2023005);国家重点研发专项(2023YFD1701002,2022YFD2301402);国家自然科学基金(32071903)

摘　　要：秸秆还田与氮肥施用是农田生态系统中碳氮元素的两大主要补给途径,其在调控稻田甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放以及水稻产量方面具有重要作用。以往的研究主要关注秸秆还田或氮肥施用单因素对稻田温室气体排放的影响,而双因素互作对甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响尚未明确。同时,在秸秆还田条件下如何进行合理的氮肥施用鲜有深入研究。本研究基于3个氮肥处理(0、180、360 kg N/hm^(2))和3个秸秆还田处理(0、2.25、3.75 t/hm^(2))进行多年水稻田间定位试验,研究结果表明:CH_(4)季节累积排放随秸秆还田量增加而增加,与施氮量无显著正相关关系;N_(2)O季节累积排放随施氮量增加而增加,与秸秆还田量无显著正相关关系;秸秆还田对于产量的影响具有不确定性,两年均在秸秆不还田+不施氮处理(S0N0)出现最低产量,2021与2022年最低产量分别为5740.64和4903.75 kg/hm^(2)。2021与2022年最高产量分别在秸秆不还田+高氮(S0N_(2))和高量秸秆还田+高氮(S2N_(2))出现,分别为10938.48和10384.83 kg/hm^(2)。同时,本研究发现在低量秸秆还田条件下,在碳足迹(CF, Carbon Footprint)方面,施氮量为251 kg N/hm^(2)时碳足迹达到最低点,为1.01 kg C/kg;而在生态经济净收益(NEEB, Net Ecosystem Economic Benefits)方面,施氮量为294 kg N/hm^(2)时生态经济净收益达到最高点,为11778.15元/hm^(2)。为协同生态经济净收益与碳排放,在低量秸秆还田(S1)下,配合251—294 kg N/hm^(2)的施氮量为最优施肥方案。研究结果为指导稻田温室气体减排、实现稻田碳中和以及农田管理提供了理论支撑,为实现水稻的高产稳产与低碳生产科学依据。The incorporation of straw residues into fields and the application of nitrogen fertilizers represent two primary avenues for the supplementation of carbon and nitrogen elements in agricultural ecosystems.These practices play crucial roles in regulating greenhouse gas emissions,specifically methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),as well as influencing rice crop yields.Previous research has predominantly focused on examining the individual im<acts of straw incorporation or nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields,while the interactive effects of these dual factors on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions remain insufficiently elucidated.Simultaneously,there exists a dearth of in-depth investigations into the judicious application of nitrogen fertilizers under condition of straw incorporation.This study,based on multi-year infield experiments in rice paddies,implemented three nitrogen fertilizer treatments(0,180,and 360 kg N/hm^(2))and three straw incorporation treatments(0,2.25,and3.75 t/hm^(2)).Results revealed a positive correlation between the increased levels of straw incorporation and elevated seasonal cumulative CH_(4) emissions,with no statistically significant positive correlation observed with nitrogen fertilizer levels.Conversely,the seasonal cumulative N_(2) O emissions demonstrated an increase commensurate with elevated nitrogen application levels,lacking a statistically significant positive correlation with straw incorporation levels.The impact of returning straw to the field on yield was uncertain,with the lowest yield observed in S0N0 treatment over two years.The lowest yields in 2021 and 2022 were 5740.64 and 4903.75 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The highest production in 2021 and 2022 occurred in the treatments of S0N_(2) and S2N_(2),with 10938.48 and 10384.83 kg/hm^(2),respectively.In the case of low straw incorporation,the carbon footprint(CF)of 251 kg N/hm^(2) corresponded to the lowest carbon footprint,1.01 kg C/kg;In terms of net ecosystem economic benefits(NEEB),the highes

关 键 词：水稻 温室气体 秸秆还田 氮肥 推荐施肥 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S181